Idethi Yokuthumela: 7, Nov, 2022
Indima ye-concrete admixtures ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokugeleza kokhonkolo nokunciphisa inani lezinto ze-cementitious kukhonkolo. Ngakho-ke, izingxube zikakhonkolo zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokwakha.
Indlela yokusebenza yenhlanganisela yekhonkrithi:
Ingxubevange esekwe ku-naphthalene esetshenziswa kakhulu kanye ne-polycarboxylate-based admixtures iyinhlanganisela ye-organic enesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu (imvamisa i-1500-10000) futhi iyingxenye yesigaba sama-surfactants.
I-molecule ye-surfactant inesakhiwo se-bipolar, isiphetho esisodwa siyiqembu le-non-polar lipophilic (noma iqembu le-non-polar hydrophobic), kanti elinye liyiqembu le-polar hydrophilic. Ngemuva kokuthi i-surfactant isincibilikisiwe emanzini, ingadlala imisebenzi ehlukahlukene njengokuhlakaza, ukumanzisa, ukufaka i-emulsifying, ukukhihliza amagwebu nokugeza ngenkathi kunciphisa ukungezwani kwendawo.
A. I-Adsorption-dispersion
I-fluidity yengxube yekhonkrithi incike kumthamo wamanzi amahhala kukhonkolo. Ngemuva kokuthi i-admixture yengezwe kukhonkolo, izinhlayiya ze-cement zihlakazeka ngenxa ye-adsorption eqondisayo yama-molecule e-admixture ebusweni bezinhlayiya ze-cement, okuholela ekuhlaselweni kwe-electrostatic phakathi kwabo. Ngenxa yalokho, isakhiwo se-flocculation sikasimende sibhujiswa, futhi kukhishwa inani elikhulu lamanzi amahhala, okwandisa kakhulu uketshezi lwengxube yekhonkrithi.
B. Ukumanzisa
Ngenxa yokuhlelwa kokuqondisa kwama-athomu axubile ebusweni bezinhlayiya zikasimende, kwakhiwa ifilimu yamanzi e-monomolecular solvated. Le filimu yamanzi inyusa indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlayiya zikasimende namanzi ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi inomphumela othile wokumanzisa ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngakho-ke, usimende ugcwele amanzi ngokugcwele futhi amandla kasimende akhula ngokushesha.
Imisebenzi eyisisekelo yezingxube zekhonkrithi:
1. Ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kweyunithi, isilinganiso se-water-binder sihlala singashintshiwe, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kukakhonkolo omusha futhi kuthuthukise ukugeleza kwamanzi; ngenxa yendawo yokuxhumana eyanda kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlayiya zikasimende namanzi, usimende ugcwele amanzi, nakuba isilinganiso se-water-binder Invariant, amandla okhonkolo ngokuvamile anentuthuko ethile.
2. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokugcina izinga elithile lomsebenzi, nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, unciphise isilinganiso se-water-binder, futhi uthuthukise amandla kakhonkolo.
3. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokugcina amandla athile, nciphisa inani lezinto zikasimende, unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, ugcine isilinganiso se-water-binder singashintshi, futhi wonge usimende nezinye izinto zikasimende.
Ungawathola kanjani kahle futhi usebenzise izixube ezikhonkolo:
Ukuthenga ngendlela efanele nokusebenzisa izixube kungadala inani elikhulu lezomnotho nezobuchwepheshe. Akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa amandla ukhonkolo, kodwa futhi ukunciphisa izindleko ukhonkolo mix isilinganiso.
Indlela eqondile imi kanje:
a. Isixhumanisi sokuhlola
Ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kwezinkomba zobuchwepheshe ezihlukahlukene ze-admixtures kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ngaphambi kokuthenga izingxoxo. Ngokuhlolwa, izindinganiso zokufaneleka zezinkomba ezihlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe ze-admixture kufanele zinqunywe. Kubandakanya okuqukethwe okuqinile kwezingxube, izinga lokunciphisa amanzi, ukuminyana, uketshezi olunodaka, izinga lokuncishiswa kwamanzi okukhonkolo nezinye izinkomba zobuchwepheshe. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi izinga lokuncishiswa kwamanzi elikhonkolo lisetshenziswe njengenkomba eyinhloko yokukala izinga lekhwalithi ye-admixtures.
b. Ukuthengwa kwempahla
Ngemuva kokuthi imibandela yokufaneleka yezixube isicaciswe, izingxoxo zokuthenga zingaqala. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi abakhiqizi be-admixture bameme amabhidi ngokuya ngamazinga afanelekile anqunywe ukuhlolwa. Ngesisekelo sokuthi ikhwalithi yokuhlinzeka ye-admixture ayikho ngaphansi kwezimfuneko zokubhida, umphakeli uzonqunywa ngokuvumelana nesimiso sokuwina ibhidi ngentengo ephansi.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhethwa kwabakhiqizi bezinto ezixutshwayo zikakhonkolo kufanele kubhekisise ngokuphelele isikali sokukhiqiza somkhiqizi, ibanga lezokuthutha, umthamo wokuthutha, isipiliyoni sokuhlinzeka kanye nezinga lekhwalithi yokuhlinzeka ngezitshalo zokuxuba ezinkulu noma amaphrojekthi amakhulu wobunjiniyela, kanye nekhono lesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa. kanye namazinga. Njengenkomba eyodwa yokuhlolwa komkhiqizi.
c. Isixhumanisi sokwamukela
Isiteshi sokuxuba kufanele sihlole ama-admixtures ngaphambi kokuba izingxube zifakwe endaweni yokugcina, futhi imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingafakwa kuphela lapho imiphumela yokuhlolwa ifaneleka ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso ezisayinwe kwinkontileka. Kunconywa ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinkomba ezibalulekile nezinkomba zereferensi. Ngokusebenzisa isikhathi eside, umlobi ukholelwa ukuthi izinkomba ezibalulekile ze-admixtures ziyizinga lokunciphisa amanzi (udaka) kanye nezinga lokukhonkolo lokunciphisa amanzi; izinkomba zenkomba ukuminyana (amandla adonsela phansi athize), okuqukethwe okuqinile kanye noketshezi lokunamathisela usimende. Ngenxa yesikhathi sokuhlola, izinkomba zobuchwepheshe ezivame ukuvivinywa kusixhumanisi sokwamukela ziyi-density, i-fluidity yokunamathisela usimende kanye nezinga lokunciphisa amanzi (udaka).
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-07-2022
