Idethi yokuthunyelwe:31,Oct,2022
Izingxube zikakhonkolosekusetshenziswe ukhonkolo cishe iminyaka eyikhulu njengomkhiqizo. Kodwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, eqinisweni, kudala abantu bazi ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo ezithile ekwakheni izinto zikasimende. Amarekhodi edatha aqinisekisiwe ukuthi ngo-1885 abantu baseYurophu base beyazi ukuthi izilawuli eziqinile, ezifana ne-lime ne-gypsum, zengezwe kukhonkolo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ukusetshenziswa kwe-calcium chloride kwakuwulaka futhi kusasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Ngo-1895, izithasiselo zamanzi kanye namapulasitiki ayesenezelwe kukhonkolo ukuze kugandaywe umgwaqo, okwathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukuqina kukakhonkolo.
Imikhiqizo yezimboni ehlelekile yaqala ukubonakala ngo-1910. Ngenkathi iNyakatho Melika ithuthukiswa e-United States ngawo-1930, umgwaqo ogandaywe ngokhonkolo waqina ngokushesha ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga likakhonkolo ogandayiwe, "i-vinsa resin" yasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kukakhonkolo. ucansi. Umkhiqizo wangempela wocwaningo lwesayensi "i-Pozzolitn" i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi (i-Pozzolitn), eyacwaningwa ngempumelelo futhi yakhiqizwa yi-EW Scxiptrt ye-MasterBuilder yase-United States ngo-1935, eyakhiwe ikakhulukazi i-lignosulfonate ku-pulp waste liquid. Ngo-1937, i-United States yakhipha ilungelo lobunikazi lokuqala le-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi emlandweni. Ngo-1954, iqoqo lokuqala lamazinga okuhlola weizingxube zikakhonkoloyakhiwe.
Ukusetshenziswa okusemthethweni kweizingxube zikakhonkoloezweni lami kwakungo-1950s. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-rosin saponified air-entraining agent eyakhiwe ngochwepheshe abavela endaweni eyayiyiSoviet Union yethulwa. Isetshenziswe eTianjin Tanggu New Port, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge kanye neFoziling Reservoir, futhi yazuza imiphumela ethile. Kamuva, amapulasitiki kakhonkolo asebenzisa uketshezi lwemfucuza ye-pulp kusuka ekwenzeni iphepha le-sulfite kanye noju olulahlwayo oluvela embonini kashukela njengoba kwasetshenziswa izinto ezingavuthiwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-admixtures nakho kwaqala kusukela lapho.
Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kweizingxube zikakhonkoloinokubaluleka kwesikhathi eside. Ukuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa ngamandla ukusetshenziswa kweizingxube zikakhonkolokuyindlela ebalulekile yokukhuthaza inqubekelaphambili yesayensi yemboni yezokwakha.
Enqubweni yokwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi wokwakha, ukusetshenziswa kwezixube kungathuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo indawo yokwakha, kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ehlukahlukene yemishini, ukunciphisa umthwalo wabasebenzi bokwakha abafanelekile, nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yephrojekthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasetshenziswa futhi kwezinye izimo ezinzima. Iqedele ngempumelelo imisebenzi yokwakha endaweni.
I-concrete admixture inganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokulungisa ngemva kokwakhiwa kwephrojekthi, ngaleyo ndlela isheshise isivinini sokudiliza iphrojekthi, okwenza i-formwork iphenduke ngokushesha, futhi ibe nomphumela ophawulekayo wokusheshisa ekuqiniseni okulandelayo kokuqinisa nokugunda, okwenza sonke isikhathi sokwakhiwa kwephrojekthi. kufinyezwe kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwengezaizingxube zikakhonkolofuthi ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo ikhwalithi iyonke yephrojekthi kakhonkolo, futhi ithuthukise amandla ayo, ukuqina, ukumelana nesithwathwa, nokungangenisi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingathuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuncipha kokhonkolo lapho isomile ngokwanele kanye nezakhiwo zokugeleza ngaphambi kokuqina. Uma i-concrete admixture isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kuphrojekthi yokwakha, i-admixture ngokuvamile ngeke ibe nomthelela ekhwalithi yokwakha ukhonkolo, futhi Ingase futhi inciphise kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kukasimende nezinto ezihlukahlukene ezisizayo ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokusetshenziswa kwesayensi, futhi ukuncishiswa kokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisizayo ezisekelwe ku-samente akugcini nje ukulondoloza izinsiza zomphakathi, kodwa futhi kusindisa izindleko zokwakha zenqubo, futhi kunomthelela omuhle ezinyathelweni ezilandelayo. Inqubo ye-tamping kanye ne-troweling inikeza lula.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-31-2022
