Ilignngumthombo wesibili ovuselelwa kakhulu wemvelo. Ikhona ngamanani amakhulu ku-purping udoti uketshezi, inani elincane kakhulu le-rececled futhi lasetshenziswa kabusha, futhi konke okunye kukhishwe emvelweni, kubangele ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwemvelo. Emphakathini wanamuhla, ukushoda kwezinsiza kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo sekuyizinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu umphakathi wesintu odinga ukuzixazulula ngokuphuthumayo. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esikhethekile, i-lignin iye yathuthukiswa futhi yasetshenziswa njengento eyisisekelo embonini yamakhemikhali. Inhlanganisela ephelele yezinzuzo zenhlalo nezomnotho iye yafezeka, futhi kutholwe isimo sokuwina.

Isakhiwo seilignkuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sayo kuncike ohlotsheni lwesitshalo nendlela yokuhlukanisa. Ngakho-ke,ilignUkwakheka kwemithombo ye-Hardwood kuhlukile kunezo zezitshalo ze-herbaceous kanye nezilimo zonyaka. Kodwa-ke, izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlukanisa zizophumela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ze-lignin. Ukuphambuka kwe-sulfite kungakhiqiza ukuncibilikaILiglosulfonates, nokwehla kwe-Kraft ngaphansi kwezimo ze-Alkaline kungakhiqiza i-lignin engafakwanga emanzini kodwa incibilika e-Alkali. I-Sulfate Lignin ne-Alkali Lignin, la maqembu angumthombo oyinhloko wezinto zokwakha ezimbonini zezimboni. Phakathi kwawo wonke amaqembu amaqembu, i-sulfate lignin ibhekwa njengento enhle eluhlaza yokukhiqizwa kwezinkuni anamatheli.

Ukwakheka kwe-lignin kuqukethe amaqembu amaningi asebenzayo, futhi i-lignin uqobo kanye nemikhiqizo yayo eguquliwe isetshenzisiwe ezicini ezahlukahlukene. Ku-Conment kanye nonjiniyela wokwakha, i-liglosulfonate ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo uketshezi lwesimende futhi iyona ebiyelwe kakhonkolo kakhonkolo esetshenziswa kakhulu. Njengamanje, cishe ama-50% awo akhiqizwa yinqubo yokuhlukaniswa kokuphambana nokuphambana.I-Liglosulfonateszisetshenziswa njengezengezo zesimende.

Ngokomquba wezinto eziphilayo, isakhiwo se-lignin siqukethe izinto ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo. Lezi zakhiwane zingadedelwa kancane njengoba i-lignin ngokwayo iyahlanza, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa njengomanyolo wokukhishwa okulawulwa. I-Lignign nayo ingahlanganiswa ngamakhemikhali ngama-molecule ezinambuzane ngokusebenzisa ukusabela okulula kwamakhemikhali, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengenkampani yenethiwekhi yokubulala ama-pesticides kancane, okuvumelana nokwandisa umphumela wokulawulwa kwezinambuzane, imibandela emincane yemithamo. Yehlisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa okungenangqondo kwezibulala-zinambuzane nokunciphisa izindleko zokufaka ezibulala izinambuzane.

Ekwelashweni kwamanzi, izimboni ezahlukahlukeneama-ligninsFuthi imikhiqizo yabo eguquliwe inezakhiwo ezinhle ze-adsorption, hhayi kuphela ama-adsorb metal ion, kepha futhi angasetshenziswa ku-adcerb anions, organics kanye nezinye izinto emanzini, zihlanza ikhwalithi yamanzi.