I-Ligninungowesibili ngobuningi bomthombo ovuselelekayo endalweni. Itholakala ngenani elikhulu oketshezini oludonsa imfucuza, inani elincane kakhulu eligaywa kabusha liphinde lisetshenziswe, futhi konke okunye kukhishelwa emvelweni, okubangela ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwemvelo. Emphakathini wanamuhla, ukushoda kwezinsiza kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo kuye kwaba izinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu umphakathi wesintu okudingeka uzixazulule ngokuphuthumayo. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esikhethekile, i-lignin iye yathuthukiswa futhi yasetshenziswa njengento eyisisekelo embonini yamakhemikhali. Inhlanganisela ephelele yezinzuzo zezenhlalakahle nezomnotho iye yabonakala, futhi isimo sokuwina sifinyelelwe.

Isakhiwo seligniniyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sayo kuncike ohlotsheni lwesitshalo kanye nendlela yokuhlukanisa. Ngakho-ke, i-ligninukwakheka kwemithombo yokhuni oluqinile kuhlukile kuleso sezitshalo ze-herbaceous kanye nezitshalo zonyaka. Kodwa-ke, izindlela ezihlukene zokuhlukanisa zizoholela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene ze-lignin. I-Sulfite pulping ingakhiqiza ukuncibilikai-lignosulfonates, futhi i-kraft pulping ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline ingakhiqiza i-lignin engancibiliki emanzini kodwa encibilika ku-alkali. I-sulfate lignin ne-alkali lignin, lawa ma-lignin angumthombo oyinhloko wezinto zokusetshenziswa zezimboni. Phakathi kwawo wonke ama-lignin, i-sulfate lignin ibhekwa njengento enhle eluhlaza ekukhiqizeni okunamathiselwe kwezinkuni.

Isakhiwo se-lignin siqukethe amaqembu amaningi asebenzayo, futhi i-lignin ngokwayo kanye nemikhiqizo yayo eguquliwe isetshenziswe ezicini ezihlukahlukene. Ebunjiniyela besimende nokwakha, i-lignosulfonate ingathuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo uketshezi lukasimende futhi iyisinciphisi samanzi esisetshenziswa kakhulu esisetshenziswa kakhulu. Njengamanje, cishe ama-50% awo akhiqizwa inqubo yokuhlukanisa i-pulping kanye ne-papermaking.I-Lignosulfonateszisetshenziswa njengezithasiselo zikasimende.

Ngokuphathelene nomanyolo wezinto eziphilayo, isakhiwo se-lignin siqukethe izinto ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo. Lezi zakhi zomsoco zingakhululwa kancane kancane njengoba i-lignin ngokwayo ilulaza, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa njengomanyolo osebenzayo olawulwayo. I-Lignin ingabuye ihlanganiswe ngamakhemikhali nama-molecule e-pesticide ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okulula, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengesithwali sezibulala-zinambuzane ezikhishwa kancane, ezisiza ekwandiseni umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, ukuze zisakwazi ukufeza umphumela wokulawula izinambuzane ngaphansi. izimo zomthamo omncane. Yehlisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa okungenangqondo kwezibulala-zinambuzane futhi unciphise izindleko zokufakwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.

Ekwelashweni kwamanzi, izimboni ezihlukahlukeneama-lininsfuthi imikhiqizo yazo eguquliwe inezinto ezinhle zokukhanga, azikwazi nje ukukhangisa ama-ion ensimbi, kodwa futhi ingasetshenziswa ukukhangisa ama-anion, izinto eziphilayo nezinye izinto emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlanzeke ikhwalithi yamanzi.