Idethi yokuthunyelwe:30,Nov,2022

A. I-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi

Okunye kokusetshenziswa okubalulekile kwe-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kakhonkolo nokuthuthukisa uketshezi lukakhonkolo ngaphansi kwesimo sokugcina isilinganiso sokuhlanganisa amanzi singaguquki, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuthutha nokwakha ukhonkolo. Izingxube eziningi zokunciphisa amanzi zinesilinganiso esigcwele. Uma umthamo ogcwele weqiwa, izinga lokunciphisa amanzi ngeke likhuphuke, futhi kuzophuma ukopha nokuhlukaniswa. Umthamo ogcwele uhlobene nakho kokubili izinto ezingavuthiwe zikakhonkolo kanye nengxenye yengxube kakhonkolo.

 

1. I-Naphthalene superplasticizer

I-Naphthalene superplasticizeringahlukaniswa ngemikhiqizo yokuhlushwa ephezulu (okuqukethwe kwe-Na2SO4<3%), imikhiqizo yokugxilisa ingqondo emaphakathi (okuqukethwe kwe-Na2SO4 3% ~ 10%) kanye nemikhiqizo yokuhlushwa ephansi (okuqukethwe kwe-Na2SO4>10%) ngokusho kokuqukethwe kwe-Na2SO4. Uhlu lwesilinganiso se-naphthalene series water reducer: i-powder ingu-0.5 ~ 1.0% wesisindo sikasimende; Okuqukethwe okuqinile kwesixazululo ngokuvamile kungama-38% ~ 40%, inani lokuxuba liyi-1.5% ~ 2.5% yekhwalithi kasimende, futhi izinga lokunciphisa amanzi li-18% ~ 25%. Isinciphisi samanzi esiwuchungechunge lweNaphthalene asiwophi umoya, futhi sinomthelela omncane ngesikhathi sokusetha. Ingahlanganiswa ne-sodium gluconate, ushukela, i-hydroxycarboxylic acid nosawoti, i-citric acid kanye ne-inorganic retarder, futhi ngenani elifanele le-ejenti yokungenisa umoya, ukulahleka kokuwohloka kungalawuleka ngempumelelo. Ukungalungi kokuhlushwa okuphansi kwe-naphthalene series water reducer ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-sodium sulfate kukhulu. Lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-15 ℃, i-sodium sulfate crystallization iyenzeka.

 

2. I-Polycarboxylic acid superplasticizer

I-Polycarboxylic acidisinciphisi samanzi sithathwa njengesizukulwane esisha sokuncishiswa kwamanzi okusebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi abantu bahlale belindele ukuthi kuphephe, kusebenze kahle futhi kuguquguquke kunesinciphisi samanzi sochungechunge lwe-naphthalene esisetshenziswayo. Izinzuzo zokusebenza kwe-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi yohlobo lwe-polycarboxylic acid ibonakala ngokuyinhloko kulokhu: imithamo ephansi (0.15%~0.25% (okuqinile okuguquliwe), izinga eliphezulu lokunciphisa amanzi (ngokuvamile 25%~35%), ukugcinwa okuhle kokuwohloka, ukushwabana okuphansi, umoya othile. ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nengqikithi ye-alkali ephansi kakhulu.

Nokho, ngokusebenza,i-polycarboxylic acidisinciphisi samanzi sizophinde sibhekane nezinkinga ezithile, ezifana nalezi: 1. Umphumela wokunciphisa amanzi uncike ezintweni ezingavuthiwe kanye nengxenye yengxube kakhonkolo, futhi kuthintwa kakhulu udaka esihlabathini namatshe kanye nezinga lezinto ezixubene nezimbiwa; 2. Ukunciphisa amanzi kanye nokugcinwa kwemiphumela ewohlokayo kuncike kakhulu kumthamo we-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi, futhi kunzima ukugcina ukuwohloka ngomthamo ophansi; 3. Ukusetshenziswa kokhonkolo okugxilile noma okunamandla aphezulu kunenani elikhulu lengxube, elizwela ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, futhi ukushintshashintsha okuncane kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kungabangela ushintsho olukhulu ekuweni; 4. Kunenkinga yokuhambisana nezinye izinhlobo zama-ejenti anciphisa amanzi nezinye izixube, noma akukho mphumela we-superposition; 5. Ngezinye izikhathi ukhonkolo unamanzi amakhulu okopha, umoya onzima, namabhamuza amakhulu namaningi; 6. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuguquka kwezinga lokushisa kuzothinta umphumela wei-polycarboxylic acidisinciphisi samanzi.

Izinto ezithinta ukuhambisana kukasimende kanyei-polycarboxylic acidisinciphisi samanzi: 1. Isilinganiso se-C3A/C4AF ne-C3S/C2S siyakhula, ukuhambisana kuncipha, i-C3A iyanda, nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kokhonkolo kuyanda. Uma okuqukethwe kwayo kungaphezu kuka-8%, ukulahlekelwa kokuwohloka kokhonkolo kuyanda; 2. Okuqukethwe kwe-alkali okukhulu kakhulu noma okuncane kakhulu kuzothinta kabi ukusebenzisana kwazo; 3. Ikhwalithi embi yengxube kasimende izophinde ithinte ukuhambisana kwalokhu okubili; 4. Amafomu e-gypsum ahlukene; 5. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme likasimende lingabangela ukusetha okusheshayo lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula ama-80 ℃; 6. Usimende omusha unamandla kagesi namandla okumunca isinciphisi samanzi; 7. Indawo ethile kasimende.