Idethi yokuthunyelwe:14,Mar,2022

Ingxube ichazwa njengenye into ngaphandle kwamanzi, ama-aggregates, i-hydraulic cementitious material noma i-fiber reinforcement esetshenziswa njengesithako sengxube kasimende ukuze kulungiswe izakhiwo zayo ezisanda kuhlanganiswa, ukusetha noma ukuqina futhi yengezwe ku-batch ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokuxutshwa. . Njengoba kuphawuliwe Engxenyeni 1, ingxube yamakhemikhali ivamise ukuchazwa ngokuthi i-nonpozzolanic (ayidingi i-calcium hydroxide ukuze isabele) ngendlela yoketshezi, ukumiswa noma okuqinile okuncibilika emanzini.

Izixube ezinciphisa amanzi zithuthukisa ipulasitiki likakhonkolo (elimanzi) kanye nezakhiwo eziqinile, kuyilapho izixube ezilawula ukusetha zisetshenziswa kukhonkolo elibekwe futhi liqedwe ngaphandle kwamazinga okushisa asezingeni eliphezulu. Kokubili, uma kusetshenziswe ngendlela efanele, kunomthelela emikhubeni emihle yokuhlanganisa. Futhi, zombili izingxube kufanele zihlangabezane nezidingo ze-ASTM C 494 (bona Ithebula 1).

Izingxube Zokunciphisa Amanzi

Izinciphisi zamanzi zenza lokho ngokuyisisekelo: ukunciphisa inani lamanzi okuxuba adingekayo ukuze kutholwe ukuwohloka okuthile. Lokhu kungaholela ekuncipheni kwesilinganiso samanzi-cementitious (w/c ratio), okuholela ekukhuleni kwamandla kanye nokhonkolo oluqinile.

Ukunciphisa isilinganiso se-w/c sikakhonkolo kukhonjwe njengento ebaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ukhonkolo oqinile, wekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngezinye izikhathi okuqukethwe usimende kungase kwehliswe kuyilapho kugcinwa isilinganiso sokuqala se-w/c ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko noma ukushisa kwe-hydration yokuthululwa kukakhonkolo omkhulu.

Ama-admixtures okunciphisa amanzi nawo anciphisa ukuhlukaniswa futhi athuthukise ukugeleza kwekhonkrithi. Ngakho-ke, zivame ukusetshenziselwa izicelo zokupompa ukhonkolo futhi.

Izingxube ezinciphisa amanzi ngokuvamile ziwela emaqenjini amathathu: ububanzi obuphansi, obuphakathi nendawo kanye nobubanzi obuphezulu. Lawa maqembu asekelwe ebangeni lokuncishiswa kwamanzi kwe-admixture. Iphesenti lokuncishiswa kwamanzi lihlobene namanzi axutshwe ekuqaleni adingekayo ukuze kutholwe ukuwohloka okuthile (bheka Ithebula 2).

Nakuba zonke izinciphisi zamanzi zinokufana, ngasinye sinesicelo esifanelekile esisifanele kangcono. Ithebula lesi-3 linikeza isifinyezo sezinhlobo ezintathu zezingxube ezinciphisa amanzi, ububanzi bazo bokuncishiswa kwamanzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo okuyinhloko. Umthelela wabo ekungeneni emoyeni uzohluka kuye ngekhemikhali.

Basebenza kanjani

Uma usimende uthintana namanzi, amashaji kagesi angafani angaphezulu kwezinhlayiya zikasimende adonselana, okuholela ekushibilikeni noma ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlayiya. Ingxenye enhle yamanzi idonswa kule nqubo, ngaleyo ndlela iholele ekuhlanganiseni okuhlangene kanye nokuncipha kokuncipha.

Izingxube ezinciphisa amanzi empeleni zinciphisa izindleko ezingaphezulu ezinhlayiyeni eziqinile futhi zenze zonke izindawo ezingaphezulu zithwale njengamashaji. Njengoba izinhlayiya ezinamashaji afanayo zixoshana, zinciphisa ukugeleza kwezinhlayiya zikasimende futhi zivumele ukuhlakazeka okungcono. Ziphinde zinciphise i-viscosity ye-paste, okuholela ekuweni okukhulu.

Ithebula lesi-4 lethula ezinye zezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kuhlu ngalunye lwesinciphisi samanzi. Ezinye izingxenye nazo zengezwa kuye ngomkhiqizo nomkhiqizi. Ezinye izixube zokunciphisa amanzi zinemiphumela yesibili noma zihlanganiswe nama-retarders noma ama-accelerator.