Idethi Yokuthumela: 15, Apr, 2024
Ukuhlaziywa kwendima yezingxube zekhonkrithi:
Ingxube kakhonkolo iyisithako samakhemikhali esifakwe phakathi nenqubo yokulungisa ukhonkolo. Ingashintsha izakhiwo ezingokomzimba nokusebenza kokusebenza kokhonkolo, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kukakhonkolo. Okokuqala, izingxube zekhonkrithi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zekhonkrithi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthuthukisa amandla nokuqina kokhonkolo. Ngokungeza inani elifanele lezixube ezifana nama-ejenti aqinisayo kanye nama-retarders, amandla acindezelayo, amandla aqinile kanye nokumelana nokuncibilika kweqhwa kukakhonkolo kungandiswa, futhi izici zomshini zizonke zikakhonkolo zingathuthukiswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungase futhi kuthuthukise ukumelana kwamakhemikhali kokhonkolo. Isibonelo, ukwengeza izixube ezifana nama-ejenti okuvimbela amanzi kanye nezilondolozi kunganciphisa ukungena komswakama kanye namakhemikhali kukhonkolo futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina nempilo yesevisi kakhonkolo. Okwesibili, izingxube zikakhonkolo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukusebenza kokukhonkolo. Ukusebenza kokusebenza kubhekisela ku-plasticity, fluidity kanye nokuthululwa kukakhonkolo ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa. Ngokungeza ama-admixtures afana nama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi, ama-tackifiers nama-plasticizers, i-fluidity kanye nokunamathela kukakhonkolo kungashintshwa, okwenza kube ne-plasticity engcono kanye ne-fluidity, okwenza imisebenzi yokwakha nokuthulula kube lula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwengeza izixube ezifana nama-ejenti egwebu lomoya nezinzinzisi nakho kungalawula okuqukethwe kwebhamuza nokuzinza kukakhonkolo ukuze kuhambisane nezidingo zobunjiniyela ezahlukene.
Ucwaningo ngezinyathelo ezithile zokusetshenziswa kwezixube ezikhonkolo:
(1) Ukufakwa kwe-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi
Ngokombono wokusebenza kwe-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi, umphumela waso wokuthuthukisa ukwehlisa amanzi ubonakala kakhudlwana, futhi unomqondo ocebile wezobuchwepheshe. Uma ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukwehla okuphelele kwezinto ezikhonkolo, uma ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo zama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi, ungakwazi ukunciphisa ngokuphumelelayo inani lamanzi okhonkolo asetshenziswa kuyunithi futhi unciphise isilinganiso samanzi-samente jikelele, ngaleyo ndlela ufeze umgomo wokuthuthukiswa. wokuthuthukisa amandla esakhiwo sikakhonkolo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kwale ndlela kungabuye kuthuthukise kangcono ukuminyana nokuqina kwezinto zokukhonkolo. Uma ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi jikelele kwezinto ezikhonkolo kuhlala kungashintshiwe, kuhlanganiswe nezinzuzo zama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi, uketshezi lwezinto ezibonakalayo kungathuthukiswa. Nakuba kugcinwa ukuzinza kwamandla okukhonkolo, ukusetshenziswa kwezingxube zokunciphisa amanzi kungabuye kufinyelele umgomo wokuthuthukiswa wokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukasimende. Yehlisa utshalomali lwezindleko zokwakha ezingadingekile futhi unciphise izindleko zezindleko. Esikhathini samanje, izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-ejenti anciphisa amanzi sezivele emakethe. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-ejenti anciphisa amanzi anomehluko osobala ngokwedlulele mayelana nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa kanye nemiphumela yokusebenzisa. Abasebenzi badinga ukuwasebenzisa ngempumelelo ngokusekelwe esimweni sangempela esizeni.
(2) Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ejenti yokuqinisa kusenesikhathi
I-ejenti yamandla yangaphambi kwesikhathi ifaneleka kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwasebusika noma amaphrojekthi okulungisa izimo eziphuthumayo. Uma izinga lokushisa lendawo yokwakha litholakala liphezulu, noma izinga lokushisa libe ngaphansi kuka -5℃, le ngxube ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa. Ngezinto zokhonkolo ezinomthamo omkhulu, inani elikhulu lokushisa kwe-hydration lizokhishwa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, futhi ama-ejenti wamandla okuqala awafanele ukusetshenziswa. Esikhathini samanje, ama-ejenti wamandla okuqala asetshenziswa kakhulu ikakhulukazi ama-ejenti wamandla okuqala e-sulfate kanye nama-ejenti wamandla okuqala e-chloride. Phakathi kwabo, inzuzo esobala kakhulu yi-ejenti yamandla kasawoti e-chlorine, equkethe i-sodium chloride, i-calcium chloride nezinye izinto. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwalesi sithako samandla sakuqala, i-calcium chloride ingasabela ngamakhemikhali nezingxenye ezihlobene kusimende, ngokuqhubekayo yandise isilinganiso sesigaba esiqinile etsheni likasimende, ngaleyo ndlela ikhuthaze ukwakheka kwesakhiwo samatshe usimende. Ngemva kokuqeda okuqukethwe okungenhla komsebenzi, kungase futhi kunciphise inkinga yamanzi amaningi amahhala kukhonkolo emsebenzini wendabuko, ukunciphisa umthelela we-porosity, futhi kufinyelele ngempela imigomo yokuthuthukiswa kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokuminyana okuphezulu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-ejenti yamandla kasawoti we-chlorine ekuqaleni ingase ibe nomthelela othile olimazayo esakhiweni sensimbi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Ngenxa yale nkinga, lolu hlobo lwe-admixture alufanelekile emisebenzini yokwakha ukhonkolo ocindezelweyo. Ocwaningweni lwama-ejenti wamandla okuqala e-sulfate, i-ejenti yamandla yokuqala ye-sodium sulfate iyi-ejenti yamandla yokuqala esetshenziswa kabanzi. Uma sibheka izici zayo, inokumelana okuqinile kwamanzi. Futhi uma ixubene nezinto zikakhonkolo, ingaphinda ibhekane nochungechunge lokuhlangana kwamakhemikhali nezinye izingxenye zikasimende, ekugcineni ikhiqize i-hydrated calcium sulfoaluminate edingekayo. Ngemva kokuba le nto ikhiqizwe, ingakwazi ukuqhubeka nokusheshisa ijubane lokuqina likasimende. I-Chloride salty-ejenti yamandla okuqala kanye ne-sulfate-ejenti yamandla okuqala ama-inorganic salty ejenti anamandla okuqala. Uma umsebenzi ohambisanayo udinga ukwenziwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, le ejenti yamandla okuqala ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa. Enqubweni yangempela yokusebenzisa, abasebenzi badinga ukuhlanganisa izici zama-ejenti wamandla angaphambili ahlukahlukene kanye nesimo sangempela esizeni ukuze bakhethe i-ejenti yamandla yokuqala efaneleke kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-17-2024
