Usuku lwePop: 3, Sep, 2024

7. Ithonya Lokuxuba Isikhathi Nejubane Lokuxuba

Isikhathi sokuxuba sinomthelela oqondile kokuqukethwe kokhonkolo kanye nomphumela wokuhlakazeka kwama-admixtures ukhonkolo kukhonkolo, futhi kuthinta ngokungaqondile ukusebenziseka, izakhiwo zemishini nokuqina kokhonkolo. Uma i-mixer isebenza ngokushesha okukhulu, kulula ukulimaza isakhiwo se-colloidal ku usimende kanye nolwelwesi olungaphezulu kagesi olusezingeni eliphezulu lwezinhlayiya zokwenza usimende, oluzogcina lithinta isikhathi sokusetha kanye nokhonkolo kokhonkolo ngezinga elikhulu. Ijubane lokuxuba lidinga ukulawulwa kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-1.5-3. Uma kusetshenziswa indlela eyomile yokuxuba, ukhonkolo ingaxutshwa ngokulinganayo ngokusebenzisa amanzi anciphise kahle. Uma isixazululo sidinga ukungezwa, amanzi adinga ukudonswa ekuxubeni ngesikhathi sokucushwa kwamanzi anciphisa ukuncishiswa ukuze aqinisekise ukulinganiswa kwento yokwenziwa kwamanzi. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuncipha kokhonkolo futhi unikeze ukudlala okugcwele endimeni yokunciphisa amanzi, indlela yokuxuba ngemuva ingasetshenziswa ngqo. Yehlukile kwindlela yokunciphisa amanzi anciphisa amandla, ukukhululeka kokuxutshwa kokhonkolo kungaqinisekiswa ngokusebenzisa indlela yangemva kokuxubana kahle. Uma kudingeka iloli le-Mixer ukuze lithuthe ukhonkolo, ukuncipha kwamanzi kungangezwa ku-Mixer Truck imizuzu emi-2 ngaphambi kokulayisha ukuze kukhuphule kahle isivinini sokuxuba iloli lokuxuba futhi kuthuthukise umphumela wokudilizwa.

8. Umthelela wokushisa okukhona kanye nomswakama

Isikhathi sokusetha, ijubane elikhuni kanye namandla okuqala okuhlanganiswa kokhonkolo ahlobene ngqo nokushisa kolapha. Ngemuva kokungeza ukuncipha kwamanzi, le nto isobala ngokwengeziwe, futhi umphumela uzobaluleka kakhulu lapho isikhathi sokusetha singaphansi kwama-20 degrees Celsius. Ngokuvamile, kuphakama izinga lokushisa, ngokushesha inani lesikhumba le-yment hydrating, kanye nesilinganiso sokuhwamuka kwendawo ekhonkolo. Amanzi angenamahhala ngaphakathi kokhonkolo azongezwa ngokuqhubekayo endaweni ekhonkolo nge-capillary, asheshise umphumela we-hydration ka usimende. Amanzi amahhala kukhonkolo avele avele avele ancishisiwe, okubangela okunye ukulahleka kokhonkolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela wokugcina kabusha we-comfixstures ethile ekhonkolo uzoncishiswa kakhulu ngenhla kwama-degrees angama-30. Ngakho-ke, uma kudingeka ukuthi usebenze endaweni yokushisa ephezulu, kuyadingeka ukwandisa inani le-admixtures ekhonkolo ukuze ugweme ngempumelelo ukwenzeka kokuhwamuka kwamanzi. Ukhuni lwe-calcium lunempahla ethile ehamba kancane. Kungaba namandla athile ahlelekile ngemuva kokuthulula isikhathi eside. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesondlo, kuyadingeka ukunweba isikhathi sokumisa se-static ngokwanele futhi ngokwesayensi qamba umthamo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukhonkolo uthambekele ekuqhekekeni okukhulu, ukukhululwa komhlaba kanye nokuphazamiseka ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Esezinhlelweni zokusebenzisa amanzi asebenze kahle amanzi, ngenxa yokufakwa komoya okuphansi okuphansi, umphumela wokubeka kancane awunakuqinisekiswa, futhi isikhathi eside kakhulu sokuma esitatimetic asidingeki ngesikhathi senqubo yokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, enqubweni yokwengeza ama-admixture, umsebenzi wokulungisa okufanele kufanele wenziwe ngokucophelela ukugwema ukuhwamuka kwamanzi ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungisa.

9 Isikhathi Sokugcina Sisesimende

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, isikhathi esifushane sokugcina sikasika usimende, i-fresher izovela, futhi kube kubi kakhulu nomphumela weplastiki kasimende. The fresher clean, iqine inkokhiso enhle, futhi ama-ionic ancipha ama-adederbs. Ngokosimende osanda kucutshungulwa, isilinganiso saso sokuncipha kwamanzi siphansi futhi ukulahleka kwe-slump kuyashesha. Okwesimende nesikhathi eside sokugcina, lezi zinkinga zingagwemeka kahle.

10. Okuqukethwe kwe-alkali ku usimende

Okuqukethwe kwe-Alkali futhi kunomthelela oqondile ekuguqukeni kwesimende kanye nokwenza amanzi. Njengoba okuqukethwe kwe-alkali kukhuphuka ngosimende, umphumela weplastiki kasimende uzowohloka. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-alkali kudlula uhla oluthile, luzoba nomthelela omkhulu kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusetha kanye nokwenza usimende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo lwe-alkali ku-CEAND luphinde lube nomthelela oqondile kakhulu emphumeleni wokusetshenziswa kwamanzi anciphisa amanzi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, uma i-alkali ikhona ngesimo se-sulfate, umphumela wayo ekunciphiseni kwamanzi ingaphansi kwaleyo ndlela ye-hydroxide.

11. gypsum ku usimende

Ngokungeza u-gypsum kasimende ku-Cement, i-hydrate of cement ingabambezeleka kakhulu, futhi i-adcerption eqondile yokwenza usimende kanye nokunciphisa amanzi kungagwenywa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ngokuzenzakalela ukuguquguquka kwesimende nakumanzi. Ngokusho kwenani elikhulu lezifundo, ngemuva kokungeza inani elithile le-gypsum ku-Cument, i-adsorption yamanzi anciphisa amanzi ku-Cement Mineral C3A angancishiswa ngempumelelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-gypsum ne-C3A ingasabela efomeni i-calcium sulfonate, ezokumboza ngokuqondile ingaphezulu le-C3A, igweme ukuqhubeka kwe-hydration ye-C3A, okungasenza buthaka kakhulu ama-adsorption wezinhlayiya ze-C3A kuma-C3A izinhlayiya zamanzi anciphise amanzi. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-gypsum zinamazinga ahlukile wokuchithwa kanye nama-sonibip. Uhlobo nokuqukethwe kukasimende Gypsum kunomthelela oqondile ekuguqukeni phakathi kosimende kanye nokwehlisa amanzi. I-Pore fluid sulfate kukhonkolo kasimende ivela ku-sulfate eyakhiwe ngosimende olubi, ozoba nomthelela oqondile ekusabelaneni ngokhonkolo kwe-cycration kanye nokusebenza kokhonkolo osulwe. I-sulfate ion e-gypsum ivame ukubhekana nezinguquko ezahlukene ngesikhathi senqubo yokugaya. Uma izinga lokushisa lenqubo yokugaya liphezulu, i-gypsum ye-dihydrate izodonswa kancane futhi ifomu i-hemihydrate gypsum. Uma izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwesigayo liphezulu kakhulu, inani elikhulu le-hemihydrate gypsum lizokwakhiwa kule nqubo, elizogcina liholele ekumeni kwesimende se-pement pseudo. Okwesimende enezakhi ezingenamikhawulo ze-alkaline sulfate, ngaphansi kwe-adsorption eqinile yama-sulfonic acid acid acid acid acid acid acid amanzi ancishisiwe, kuzokwenza ngokuqondile ukuncipha kokhonkolo ukuyeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-sulfate sulfate kukhuphuka, ama-adsorption of subvucers wamanzi asebenza kahle azokhombisa umkhuba ongaphansi we-quasi-liner phansi.

12. I-Cement Grinking Aids

Umphumela wokugaya usimende ungathuthukiswa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-Cement Griting Aids ngokunengqondo. Esezinhlelweni zokukhiqizwa kosekhukhweni ezinkampanini eziningi zosethu lwangaphandle, izinsiza zokugaya zivame ukusetshenziswa ngamanani amakhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngemuva kokuqaliswa kwezindinganiso ezintsha zosekhumenti ezweni lami, izidingo zamandla nobunzima bokukhunjulwa kuthuthukisiwe, okubeke phambili izidingo eziphakeme zokusebenzisa izinsiza zokugaya. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinsizakusebenza zokwenza usimende, futhi inani labakhiqizi bosizo lokugaya ezweni lami libonisa nomkhuba wokunyuka okuqhubekayo. Abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene be-Cement Gensing Aid basebenza ngokuqhubekayo ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinsiza zokugaya ezomnotho, ezisebenzayo nezisebenziseka kalula. Kodwa-ke, abanye abakhiqizi bosizo abagadi abakhokha kakhulu ngezindleko zokukhiqiza futhi batshale imali encane kakhulu ocwaningweni lokusebenza kosizo lokugaya, olunomphumela opholile kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwalo: yemigoqo yensimbi ngaphakathi kokhonkolo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-lignin sulfonate eningi kakhulu kuholela enkingeni enkulu yokungahambelani phakathi kosimende kanye nama-admixtures wekhonkolo. ③ Ukuze unciphise ngempumelelo izindleko zokukhiqiza, inani elikhulu lemfucuza yezimboni livame ukusetshenziswa, elinomphumela omubi kakhulu ngokuqina kokhonkolo. Kunqubo yamanje yokukhiqiza ukhonkolo, okuqukethwe kwe-alkali kanye ne-chloride ion, uhlobo lwe-gypsum, namaminerali we-clinker anomthelela oqondile ekusatshalalisweni kwezinhlayiya zosenyusi. Ekusetshenzisweni kwengculazi yokugaya, ukuqina kuka usimende akunakuhlatshelwa. Ukwakheka kwezinsiza zokugaya kuyinkimbinkimbi. Kusetshenziswa kuphela izinsiza zokugaya kahle umphumela wokhonkolo ungaqinisekisiwe. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, abakhiqizi bezinzuzo zokugaya kufanele babe nokuqonda okuphelele kwenqubo yokugaya yenkampani, futhi bazi kahle izinhlobo zezinsizakusebenza zokugaya kanye nenhlansi yezinhlayiyana.

13. I-Construction Mix Ratio

Isilinganiso sokuxubana sokwakha singenxa yenkinga ye-Engineering Design, kepha sinomthelela oqondile ekuvumelaneni kwamalungelo obumanisi ukhonkolo kanye nosimende. Ngokusho kwemininingwane efanelekile, uma isilinganiso sesihlabathi siphezulu kakhulu, kulula ukudala ukubizeka kwengxube ekhonkolo ukwehla, kanye nokulahleka kwe-slump kukhulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka, ukumunyisa kwamanzi kanye nokufakwa kwamatshe ku-conkcrete mix ratio kuzothinta ukwakhiwa, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuhlangana, ukumiswa, ukuqina, ukuqina kokhonkolo kuze kube sezingeni elithile. Ukuhlolwa okufanele kukhombisa ukuthi ngokunciphisa isilinganiso samanzi, amandla kakhonkolo angathuthukiswa ngezinga elithile. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwamanzi, izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zokhonkolo kasimende zingasetshenziswa ngokugcwele, ukuze iplastiki yazo ithuthuke ngokuphelele, ukugcwala kwamalungelovu kungaqinisekiswa, futhi ukuhambisana kwama-admixture kanye nosimende kungathuthukiswa.