Idethi yokuthunyelwe:16,Oct,2023
Amagama usimende, ukhonkolo, nodaka angabadida labo abasanda kuqala, kodwa umehluko oyisisekelo wukuthi usimende uyimpushana eboshwe kahle (engakaze isetshenziswe yodwa), udaka lwakhiwe usimende nesihlabathi, kanti ukhonkolo wakhiwe usimende, isihlabathi, namatshe. Ngaphezu kwezithako zabo ezihlukene, ukusetshenziswa kwazo nakho kuhluke kakhulu. Ngisho nosomabhizinisi abasebenza ngalezi zinto mihla namalanga bangawaphambanisa la magama ngolimi oluxoxisanayo, kwazise usimende uvame ukusetshenziswa ukusho ukhonkolo.
Usimende
Usimende uyisibopho phakathi kukakhonkolo nodaka. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa nge-limestone, ubumba, amagobolondo nesihlabathi se-silica. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ziyachotshozwa bese zixutshwa nezinye izithako, okuhlanganisa nensimbi, bese zishiselwa cishe zibe yizi-2,700 degrees Fahrenheit. Le nto, ebizwa ngokuthi i-clinker, igaywa ibe yimpushana ecolekileyo.
Ungabona usimende obizwa ngokuthi yi-Portland Cement. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi yenziwa okokuqala eNgilandi ngekhulu le-19 ngumakhi wakwa-Leeds uJoseph Aspdin, owafanisa umbala netshe enkwalini esiqhingini sasePortland, ngasogwini lwaseNgilandi.
Namuhla, usimende wasePortland usewusimende osetshenziswa kakhulu. Iwusimende "hydraulic", okusho nje ukuthi usetha futhi uqine uma uhlanganiswe namanzi.
Ukhonkolo
Emhlabeni jikelele, ukhonkolo uvame ukusetshenziswa njengesisekelo esiqinile nengqalasizinda cishe yanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesakhiwo. Iyingqayizivele ngoba iqala njengengxube elula, eyomile, bese iba uketshezi, into enwebekayo engakha noma isiphi isikhunta noma ukuma, futhi ekugcineni ibe into eqinile efana nedwala esiyibiza ngokuthi ukhonkolo.
Ukhonkolo wakhiwe usimende, isihlabathi, amatshe noma ezinye izilinganiso ezinhle noma ezimahhadla. Ukwengezwa kwamanzi kwenza usimende usebenze, okuyisici esibophezelekile ukuhlanganisa ingxube ukuze kwakhe into eqinile.
Ungathenga izingxube zikakhonkolo esezivele zenziwe ezikhwameni ezixuba usimende, isihlabathi namatshe ndawonye, futhi okudingeka ukwenze nje ukufaka amanzi.
Lezi ziwusizo kumaphrojekthi amancane, njengezigxobo zocingo oluqinile noma ezinye izinto. Ngamaphrojekthi amakhulu, ungathenga izikhwama zikasimende futhi uzixube nesihlabathi kanye nezitshebe ngokwakho ku-wheelbarrow noma esinye isitsha esikhulu, noma u-oda ukhonkolo oxutshwe ngaphambili futhi ulethwe futhi uthele.
Udaka
Udaka lwakhiwe usimende nesihlabathi. Uma amanzi ehlanganiswa nalo mkhiqizo, usimende uyasebenza. Ngenkathi ukhonkolo ungasetshenziswa yedwa, udaka lusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izitini, itshe, noma ezinye izingxenye zezwe eliqinile ndawonye. Ngakho-ke, ukuxuba usimende, ngendlela efanele, kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kukasimende ukuxuba udaka noma ukhonkolo.
Ekwakhiweni kwe-patio yezitini, udaka ngezinye izikhathi lusetshenziswa phakathi kwezitini, nakuba kulokhu alusetshenziswa njalo. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, isibonelo, udaka luqhekeka kalula ebusika, ngakho izitini zingamane zinamathelene, noma zengezwe isihlabathi phakathi kwazo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-16-2023
