Usuku lwePost: 16, Oct, 2023
I-Consements Crement, ukhonkolo, nodaka kungadidanisa nje, kepha umehluko wesisekelo ukuthi usimende yi-powder enhle eboshwe (udaka akhiwa ngedwa), udaka wakhiwa ngedwa), kufakwa ngokhonkolo, futhi ukhonkolo wenziwa usimende, isihlabathi kanye namatshe amatshe. Ngaphezu kwezithako zabo ezahlukahlukene, ukusetshenziswa kwazo nakho kuhluke kakhulu. Ngisho nosomabhizinisi abasebenza nalezi zinto zokwakha nsuku zonke bangadidanisa la magama ngolimi oluhlangene, njengoba usimende uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukusho ukhonkolo.
Ukhokhevu
Usimende uyisibopho phakathi kokhonkolo nodaka. Imvamisa yenziwa nge-limestone, ubumba, amagobolondo kanye nesihlabathi se-silica. Izinto zokwakha zichotshozwa bese zihlanganiswa nezinye izithako, kufaka phakathi i-iron ore, bese zifudumeza cishe ama-degrees angama-2,700. Lokhu okuqukethwe, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Clinker, kuwumhlaba ube yimpuphu enhle.
Ungase ubone usimende obizwa ngokuthi yi-portland cement. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi kwenziwa okokuqala eNgilandi ngekhulu le-19 ngeLeeds Mason Joseph Askadin, owafanisa umbala oya ekhefini esiqhingini sasePortland, ogwini lwaseNgilandi.
Namuhla, usimende wePortland usengukusetshenziswa kukasimende osetshenziswa kakhulu. Kuyinto kasimende "ye-hydraulic", okusho nje ukuthi iyasetha futhi ilukhuni lapho ihlanganiswa namanzi.
Ukhonkolo
Emhlabeni wonke, ukhonkolo uvame ukusetshenziswa njengeyisisekelo esiqinile nengqalasizinda cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesakhiwo. Ihlukile ngoba iqala njengenhlanganisela elula, eyomile, bese iba yinto ewuketshezi, impahla ebanzi engakha isikhunta noma ukwakheka, bese ekugcineni iba yinto enzima efana ne-rock esikubiza ngokhonkolo.
Ukhonkolo uqukethe usimende, isihlabathi, amatshe amatshe amatshe noma ezinye izihlanganisi ezinhle noma ezihlanganayo. Ukungezwa kwamanzi kusebenze usimende, okuyinto elenziwayo elibhekele ukuhlanganisa ingxube ndawonye ukwakha into eqinile.
Ungathenga ukuxubana kokhonkolo okwenziwe ngomumo ezikhwameni ezixubana nosimende, isihlabathi, kanye ne-gravel ndawonye, futhi konke okudingeka ukwenze ukwengeza amanzi.
Lokhu kuwusizo kumaphrojekthi amancane, njengokuthumela kocingo kocingo noma okunye ukulungiswa. Kumaphrojekthi amakhulu, ungathenga izikhwama zikakhonkolo bese uyixuba ngesihlabathi bese uzivuselela esigangeni noma kwesinye isitsha esikhulu, noma ulethe ukhonkolo ohlelwe futhi uthululiwe.
Isigqulo
Udaka wenziwa ngosimende nesihlabathi. Lapho amanzi exutshwe nalo mkhiqizo, usimende usebenze. Ngenkathi ukhonkolo ingasetshenziswa yedwa, udaka lusetshenziselwa ukubopha izitini, itshe, noma ezinye izinto ezinzima zemvelo ndawonye. Ukuxubha usimende, ngakho-ke, ngokufanele, kusho ukusetshenziswa kuka usimende ukuxuba udaka noma ukhonkolo.
Ekwakhiweni kwe-brick patio, ngesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa phakathi kwezitini, yize kulokhu kungasebenzi njalo. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, ngokwesibonelo, udaka ovuka kalula ebusika, ngakho-ke izitini zingavele zibambene ndawonye, noma isihlabathi sengezwe phakathi kwazo.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Oct-16-2023
