Umhla wokuposa: 27, Dese, 2021

Igama "ndi"i-lignin, ekhoyo ngokubanzi kwiiseli zezityalo ezinamaplanga, amayeza, kunye nazo zonke izityalo zeVascular kunye nezinye izityalo ezinesithsaba, kwaye zidlala indima ekomelezeni izicubu zezityalo.

"Isityalo" "me" me "

Kwindalo, "ndihlala" ndihlala ndicinga nge-sellyulose kunye ne-hemicellulose, esebenza kunye ukwakha ithambo lesityalo. Abantu bandihlule kwiindidi ezintathu:I-Hardwood Lignin, I-consifer ligninkwayeI-Herbal Lignin. Ngokubanzi, "ndithunyelwa rhoqo kwiiseli ezityalo. Uxinzelelo "ndi" kwi-ofisi ye-interchellillar lelona liphezulu, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lodonga lwesibini ngowesibini, kunye nokuxinana ngaphakathi kweseli ubuncinci. Njengobutyebi besithathu se-organic kwindalo, nangona "ndandisetyenziswa ngabantu kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo, ayikhange ixhatshazwe ngokubanzi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

"Ndi" kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso

E China, "Ndinokutshutshiswa ndibuyele kwi-papermandus. Injongo yokutsala kunye nepakethi kukugcina isellulose kunye ne-hemicellulose kwaye ususe "i". Izinto ezingafunekiyo zibandakanya ingqolowa yengqolowa, ingcongconi, i-cuner, njl njl, njl njl. Amanzi amdaka sele eyingxaki ephambili kunyango lwamanzi amveliso asekhaya.

Zimbini izinto eziphambili zamashishini ahambelana nawasemzini. Kwelinye icala, "i" i "ehlathini zahlulwe kwi-hydrolysis yokhuni; Kwelinye icala, ijolise kwingxaki yamanzi enkunkuma yeshishini. Amazwe aphesheya aphuhlise iseti yephepha lokuthintela iinkuni. Okokuqala, "i" i "enkunkuma isebenze ngokutsha nguAlkali, emva koko waphinda wafumana i-quation kunye nokubonelela ngamandla. Oku kufezekiswa okweyona nqanaba lesiseko sokusombulula ingxaki yokungcola. Indisa amandla.

Ukwahlula kunye nokukhupha "mna"

Ukwenzela ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa ngokukuko 'i ", izazinzulu ekhaya nakwelinye ilizwe ngokufunda ngokwahlukana kunye nokukhupha" i ". Kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, sahlukaniswa kwaye sahlulwe xa isetyenziselwa i-selsulose. Ukusuka kwimbono yophando lwezenzululwazi, abantu bahluke kwaye bakhupha "i" Ukuze ndifumane iisampulu ngococeko oluphezulu, okanye iisampulu ezinemibutho ethile kunye neepropathi.

Ngokubanzi, zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zokwahlula "inye into yokuyichitha phandle kumzimba wesityalo, kwaye emva koko icebo lokwahlula i-incolble" ndiyokuhlulahlula "i" Umzekelo oqhelekileyo ukwishishini le-hydrolysis. Into ye-hydrolyzed ukuya kwi-glucose phantsi kwesenzo se-acid, kwaye "ndi" sahlulwe njengentsalela ye-hydrolysis; Enye into kukuyichitha "i" kwiqumrhu lezityalo, lahlula ezinye izinto kwaye emva koko ichanekile ukufumana "i".

Uhlobo lokugqibela lokwahlula-hlula luxhaphakile kwinkqubo yokuphuphuma kwepapermandu. Icacisiwe kwiintlobo ezimbini zeendlela zokwahluka. Ikrithi "ndi" isuswe kwi-ilforwerlignosulfosulfondate, emva koko wathwalwa ngobisi lwe-LAM, "" ndinokuhlangulwa; Okulandelayo kuphekwe ngesoda ye-caustic ye-caustic kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, okanye i-rice yerayisi echetyiweyo okanye ingqolowa yengqolowa. Guqula "ndi" ndisiya kwi-alkaline ", ndicoca i-seluplose, emva koko ndiphathe i-acid-phatha isisombululo esiseleyo ukuze siphile" i ".

"Ubuntu obuNzulu" "

"Ndi" yi-polyphelelol ye-polysion ye-polymistry ye-Polymer ehambelana ne-phenylpropane njengeyunithi yesakhiwo. Inobuntu kathathu (oko kukuthi, izakhiwo ezithathu ezisisiseko): Isakhiwo seGuaiaiacyl, isakhiwo seSiringyl kunye ne-P-hydroxypyl. Ukuqulunqwa kwezinto kuyahluka ngeentlobo zezityalo kunye neendlela zokwahlula.

Kukho amaqela amaninzi asebenza "ndineminyaka emininzi, (amaqela aphukileyo, amaqela e-Hodroxyl, amaqela e-hybonyl, amaqela e-Aldebol, amaqela e-Aldehyl, avumelana" i "Ukufikelela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuphendula kwekhemikhali, ezinjengee-oxidation, ukuncitshiswa, i-hydrolysis, inxila, I-acidolysis, ifotolylis, i-acyred, i-alkyation, i-niration, i-ether, isifo, i-pilycovisotions okanye i-polycovisotions okanye i-polycovisotions okanye i-polycovisotions okanye i-prolycovisotions okanye i-prolycovisotion.

I-resin idityaniswe "i" njengezinto ezingafunekiyo ziphantsi ngexabiso kune-phenolin kwimveliso yezinto ezibunjiweyo, kwaye inexabiso elithile lemizi-mveliso. Kwii-ligninI-Latex CO-SIDINED PERNIST "NDINGAYENSI YENDALO YAMVA, "Ndinokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo esiyilori sokuveliswa kweekhemikhali zeoyile zokuphucula umgangatho wokubuyisela ioyile kunye nomgangatho weoyile yeshishini leoyile.

Ukongeza, "i" ndingasetyenziswa njenge-surfacapes, i-onritilitives, iiarhente zokukhupha ngokuthe ngcembe, iiarhente zokukhula ezinombulelo, njl njl.