Umhla wokuposa: 7, Nove, 2022
Indima yoMdibaniso wekhonkrithi kukuphucula iipropathi zokuhamba kwekhonkrithi kwaye zinciphise inani lezinto ezinesamente kwikhonkrithi. Ke ngoko, ukungqinisisa ikhonkrithi kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokwakha.
Indlela yesenzo sokudibana kwekhonkrithi:
Eyona nto isetyenziswayo i-Naphthalene-esekwe ngokusekwe kwi-polycarber-esekwe kwi-orlicylates ye-organic i-organs ubunzima obuphezulu (ngokubanzi i-1500-10000) kwaye yeyodidi lwe-surfacants.
Imolekyuli ye-surfallant ine-bipolar ye-bipolar, isiphelo esinye siliqela le-lipolar Lipofilic (okanye i-Hydrophobic ye-hydrophobic), kwaye esinye isiphelo yiqela le-hydrophilic porland. Emva kokuba i-surfacnt ichithwe emanzini, inokudlala imisebenzi emininzi efana nokusasazeka, ukumanzi, ukuqina, ukugoba nokuhlamba umzimba.
A. Ukusasazwa kwe-adsorption
Ulwelo lomxube wekhonkrithi luxhomekeke kwinani lamanzi asimahla kwikhonkrithi. Emva kokuba i-adming yongezwa kwikhonkrithi, amasuntswana amasuntswana asasazeka Ngenxa yoko, ukunqongophala kwesiqholo zesamente kutshabalalisiwe, kwaye inani elikhulu lamanzi asimahla likhutshelwe, elisongeza kakhulu ulwelo lomxube wekhonkrithi.
B. Ukumanzisa
Ngenxa yokucwangciswa kwesikhokelo semolekyuli kubunyulu kumasuntswana empahla, ifilimu yamanzi e-monomolecular icociwe. Le filimu yamanzi yonyusa indawo yoqhakamshelwano phakathi kwamasuntswana kunye namanzi kwelinye icala, kwaye unomphumo othile omanzi kwelinye icala. Ke ngoko, isamente kukuhluleke ngokupheleleyo kwaye amandla ethumente anyusa ngokukhawuleza.
Imisebenzi esisiseko yokwaziswa kwekhonkrithi:
1. Ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwiyunithi, umyinge wamanzi ahlala uhleli ungaguqukanga, ophucula ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi entsha kwaye uphucula ulwelo; Ngenxa yendawo yoqhakamshelwano yoqhakamshelwano phakathi kwamasuntswana namanzi, isamente i-hyddiod i-hyddious, nangona amanzi e-Binder ehlala ehleli, amandla ekhonkrithi ahlala ephucule.
2. Phantsi kwemeko yokugcina inqanaba elithile lomsebenzi, nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, ukunciphisa umlinganiselo wambiza wamanzi, kwaye uphucule amandla ekhonkrithi.
3. Ngaphantsi kwemeko yokugcina amandla athile, ukunciphisa isixa sezinto ezinesamente, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, gcina umyinge wamanzi ongaguqukiyo, kwaye ugcine isamente kunye nezinye izinto ezinesamente.
Uyilondoloza njani ngokufanelekileyo kwaye lusebenzise i-Connetetetetete.
Ukufumana ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kusetyenziswa ukungqinelana kunokuvelisa ixabiso lezoqoqosho nezobuchwephesha. Ayinakuphucula kuphela amandla ekhonkrithi, kodwa ikwanciphisa iindleko zekhonkrithi yomxube wekhonkrithi.
Indlela ethile yile ilandelayo:
a. Qhagamshela kuvavanyo
Uvavanyo kunye novavanyo lweempawu ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa zokungqinisisa likhonkco elibalulekileyo ngaphambi kokuthenga uthethathethwano. Ngovavanyo, imigangatho yokuqina yezalathi ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa zomxhuzulo kufuneka zimiselwe. Ukubandakanya umxholo oqinileyo wokungqinelana, ireyithi yokunciphisa amanzi, ukungcungcutheka, i-slidity, i-slidity, iringi yokunciphisa amanzi kunye nezinye izikhombisi zobugcisa. Kucetyiswa ukuba inqanaba lokunciphisa ikhonkrithi lisetyenziswe njengophawu oluphambili ukulinganisa inqanaba lomgangatho.
b. Ukuthengwa kwempahla
Emva kokuba iikhrayitheriya zokufaneleka kokungqinelana zicacisiwe, iingxoxo zokuthengwa kwempahla zinokuqalisa. Kucetyiswa ukuba abavelisi abavelisiyo kufuneka bameme i-bids ngokwemigangatho efanelekileyo emiselweyo. Kwindawo yokuba umgangatho wokuhambisa umxholo awuphantsi kweemfuno zokubhida, umthengisi uya kumiselwa ngokwemigaqo yokuphumelela ibhidi ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Kwangelo xesha, ukukhetha abavelisi bekhonkrithi abavelisileyo kufuneka baqwalasele ngokupheleleyo uMvelisi wemveliso, umgama othuthayo, amava okuhambisa, amava abonelela ngomgangatho wenqanaba elikhulu lokuxubana, kunye neeprojekthi zenkonzo ezizezona kunye nenqanaba. Njengesalathiso esinye sovavanyo lovelisi.
c. Ikhonkco lokwamkela
Isikhululo sokudibanisa kufuneka sivavanye ubungqingqwa ngaphambi kokugcinwa, kwaye iziphumo zovavanyo zinokugcinwa kuphela emva kokuba iziphumo zovavanyo zilungele ngokwemigangatho. Kucetyiswa ukwahlula phakathi kwezalathisi eziphambili kunye nezalathiso zereferensi. Ngemisebenzi yexesha elide, umbhali ukholelwa ukuba ezona zinto zibonisa ukuba izinto ezincomekayo zinciphisa amanzi anciphisa amanzi (udaka) kunye nenqanaba lokuphuhlisa amanzi; Izalathisi zesalathiso zixinezelekile (umxhuzulane), umxholo oqinileyo kunye nolwelo lwesamente inamathisela. Ngenxa yexesha lovavanyo, izalathi zezobuchwephesha ezivavanywa ngokubanzi kwikhonkco lokwamkela i-Destity, i-Fhoidity yesamente inamathisela kunye nenqanaba lokunciphisa amanzi (udaka).
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UNv-07-2022
