Umhla wokuPoswa:31,Oct,2022
Imixube ekhonkrithizisetyenziswe kwikhonkrithi malunga nekhulu leminyaka njengemveliso. Kodwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, enyanisweni, abantu kudala bekwazi ukusetyenziswa kwezinye izongezo xa kusakhiwa izinto zesamente. Iirekhodi zedatha eziqinisekisiweyo ukuba kwi-1885 abantu baseYurophu sele beyazi ukuba abalawuli abanzima, njenge-lime kunye ne-gypsum, zongezwa kwikhonkrithi. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, ukusetyenziswa kwe-calcium chloride yayiyinto yonke kwaye isasetyenziswa nanamhlanje. Ngo-1895, izandisi zamanzi kunye neeplastiki zongezwa kwikhonkrithi ukuze kulungiswe indlela, nto leyo eyaphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukomelela kwekhonkrithi.
Iimveliso ezisesikweni zemizi-mveliso zaqala ukubonwa ngo-1910. Xa uMntla Melika wawuphuhliswa e-United States ngeminyaka yoo-1930, i-concrete pavement yakhawuleza yaba ngumkhenkce ngenxa yemozulu ebanda kakhulu. Ukuze kuphuculwe umgangatho wekhonkrithi ye-pavement, "i-vinsa resin" yayisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukuqina kwekhonkrithi. ngesondo. Eyona mveliso yophando lwezenzululwazi yi "Pozzolitn" arhente yokunciphisa amanzi (Pozzolitn), eyaphandwa ngempumelelo kwaye yenziwa yi EW Scxiptrt of MasterBuilder of United States ngo 1935, leyo ikakhulu iqulunqwe lignosulfonate kulwelo inkunkuma pulp. Ngo-1937, iUnited States yakhupha ipatent yokuqala ye-arhente yokunciphisa amanzi kwimbali. Kwi-1954, ibhetshi yokuqala yemigangatho yovavanyo yeimixube eziphathekayoyaqulunqwa.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni kweimixube eziphathekayokwilizwe lam kwakungoo-1950. Ngelo xesha, i-agent ye-rosin saponified air-entraining ephuhliswe ziingcali ezivela kwindawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union yaziswa. Yasetyenziswa eTianjin Tanggu New Port, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge kunye neFoziling Reservoir, kwaye yafumana iziphumo ezithile. Kamva, iiplastiki zekhonkrithi ezisebenzisa ulwelo lwenkunkuma oluphuma kwi-sulfite papermaking kunye nenkunkuma yobusi obuphuma kumzi-mveliso weswekile njengezinto ezikrwada. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-admixtures kwaqala apho.
Uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweimixube eziphathekayoinokubaluleka kwexesha elide. Ukuphuhlisa ngamandla kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kweimixube eziphathekayoyindlela ebalulekileyo yokukhuthaza inkqubela yenzululwazi kushishino lokwakha.
Kwinkqubo yokwakhiwa kweeprojekthi zokwakha, ukusetyenziswa kwe-admixtures kunokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo indawo yokwakha, ukuququzelela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini, ukunciphisa umsebenzi wabasebenzi abafanelekileyo bokwakha, kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho weprojekthi. Ukongeza, inokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwiimeko ezinzima. Ukuyigqiba ngempumelelo imisebenzi yokwakha kwindawo esingqongileyo.
I-concrete admixture inokunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ixesha lokugcinwa emva kokwakhiwa kweprojekthi, ngaloo ndlela ikhawuleza isantya sokudiliza iprojekthi, isenza i-formwork ijike ngokukhawuleza, kwaye inefuthe elibonakalayo elikhawulezayo kwi-tensioning elandelayo yokuqinisa kunye nokucheba, lonke ixesha lokwakhiwa kweprojekthi. mfutshane kakhulu. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukongezwa kweimixube eziphathekayoinokuphucula ngempumelelo umgangatho uwonke weprojekthi yekhonkrithi, kwaye iphucule amandla ayo, ukuqina, ukumelana neqabaka, kunye nokunganyanzeki.
Ukongeza, inokuphucula kakhulu i-shrinkage yekhonkrithi xa isomile ngokwaneleyo kunye neempawu zokuhamba phambi kokuqina. Ukuba i-concrete admixture isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo kwiprojekthi yokwakha, i-admixture ayiyi kuba nayiphi na impembelelo kumgangatho wokwakhiwa kwekhonkrithi, kwaye inokunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwesamente kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo ezincedisayo phantsi kwesiseko sokusetyenziswa kwesayensi, kwaye ukuncitshiswa kokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezincedisayo ezisekelwe kwi-samente akugcini nje ukugcina izibonelelo zentlalo, kodwa kugcina iindleko zokwakha inkqubo, kwaye kunefuthe elihle kumanyathelo alandelayo. Inkqubo ye-tamping kunye ne-troweling ibonelela ngokulula.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-31-2022
