Tsiku Lolemba: 27, Disembala 2021

Dzinalo "Ine" ndiliglin, omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'maselo am'mitengo, zitsamba, ndi mbewu zonse zamitsempha ndi mbewu zina zolemekezeka, ndipo zimakonda kuchita zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi.

"Skeleton" wa "Ine"

Mwachilengedwe, "ine" nthawi zonse ndimanja ndi cellulose ndi helmillilose, kugwira ntchito limodzi kuti apange mafupa mbewu. Anthu amatipatsirana mitundu itatu:hardwood lignin, confer ligninndiherbal liggen. Nthawi zambiri, ndimagawidwa nthawi zonse m'maselo azomera. Kukhazikika kwa "Ine" munthawi yaintaneti ndikokwera kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa khoma lamkati la khoma lachiwiri ndi lachiwiri, ndipo kupsinjika mkati mwa chipindacho ndi chaching'ono. Monga gawo lachitatu lolemera kwambiri zachilengedwe mwachilengedwe, ngakhale "ine" lidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu zaka masauzande zapitazo, sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri mpaka pano.

"Ine" Kupanga mafakitale

Ku China, "Ine" itha kukhazikitsidwa ku chinthu chopanga mapepala. Cholinga cha kubowola ndi mapepala ndikusunga cellulose ndi heremillilose ndikuchotsa "Ine". Zipangizo zopangira tinthu tating'onoting'ono, bud, bango, nzimbe, etc. Madzi otayika akhala vuto lalikulu mu chithandizo chamadzimadzi cham'madzi.

Pali mbali ziwiri zazikulu zamakampani okhudzana ndi mafakitale akunja. Kumbali ina, "Ine" m'doko umalekanitsidwa ndi ma hydrolysis nkhuni; Kumbali inayi, cholinga chake ndi vuto la madzi owononga a makampani. Mayiko akunja apanga mapepala okhala ndi nkhuni zopanga njira zowononga madzi. Choyamba, "Ine" mu madzi zinyalala zimabwezedwa ndi alkali, kenako ndikuchiritsidwa ndimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikiza ndi mphamvu. Izi zimakwaniritsidwa pamlingo waukulu pamaziko othetsa vuto lakuwonongeka. Zimasunga mphamvu.

Kupatukana ndi Kutulutsa "Ine"

Pofuna kukonza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino "Ine", asayansi kunyumba ndi kunja komwe akuphunzirapo nawo kupatukana ndi kutulutsa kwa "Ine". Popanga mafakitale, nthawi zambiri timasiyanitsidwa ndikutulutsa pamene cellulose imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuchokera pakufufuza kwa sayansi, anthu amapatukana ndi kutha "Ine" kuti apeze zitsanzo ndi ungwiro wapamwamba, kapena zitsanzo zokhala ndi zomangamanga.

Nthawi zambiri, pali mitundu iwiri ya kupatukana kwa "Ine": imodzi ndikutha kupatsirana zigawo zina koma ine mu thupi la mbewu, kenako ndikusefa kuti "i". Chitsanzo chofanana ndi bizinesi ya hydrolysis. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi hlucose ku shuga pansi pa acid, ndipo "" "i" yolekanitsidwa ngati yotsalira ya hydrolysis; Chinacho ndikusungunula "Ine" mu thupi la mbewu, pakanitsani zinthu zina kenako ndikupanga kuti mupeze "Ine".

Mtundu wotsiriza wa kupatukana ndi wofala mu mapepala okhala ndi pepala lopanga mapepala. Amagawidwa m'magulu awiri olekanitsa. Woyambira "Ine" amasungunuka mu kusungunuka madzilignosulfonate, kenako amathandizidwa ndi mkaka wa laimu, "ine" itha kuchitika; Wotsirizayo amaphika ndi sopo wakuda kwambiri kutentha kwambiri, kapena udzu mpumulo wa mpunga kapena udzu wa tirigu. Sinthani "Ine" kukhala alkaline "Ine", seluta cellulose, ndipo kenako acid-muchiritse yankho lotsalira kuti muchepetse "Ine".

"Umunthu wapatatu" wa "Ine" ndi Ambiri

"Ine" ndi polyphenol atatu-mivi polima polima ndi phenylpropane ngati unictura. Ili ndi umunthu wopondapo (ndiye kuti, kapangidwe katatu): Kapangidwe ka Guaiacyl, kapangidwe ka syringyl ndi p-hydroxylrnl kapangidwe kake. Ine ndikupanga zinthuzo kumasiyana ndi mitundu yazomera ndi njira zolekanitsa.

Pali magulu ambiri ogwira ntchito popanga magulu a "Ine" (mabungwe onunkhira, magulu oledzera a hydroxyl, magulu a carboxyl, omwe amalimbikitsa "Ine "Kuchita mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamankhwala, monga: masiyation, kuchepetsa, hydrolysis, Amoyolysis, Photolysis, acylation, acpulation, chibwibwi, oyeserera, sulformin, polycondenation kapena kumederera.

Makina osinthika ndi "Ine" monga zopangira ndizotsika mtengo kuposa chotsika mtengo kuposa zotchinga za phenolic popanga zigawo zambiri, ndipo ali ndi phindu lina la mafakitale. Muliglinlatlex mogwirizana ndi "Ine" ndi lala yazithunzi zolimbitsa thupi, "ine" akulimbitsa ngati wolimbikitsa, ndikusinthanso mtengo wokwera mtengo komanso kuchepetsa mtengo wa mphira. "Ine" itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zopangira chifukwa chopanga mankhwala opangira mafuta kuti musinthe kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi mafuta a migodi yamafuta.

Kuphatikiza apo, "Ine" itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati okonda, feteleza wowonjezera, oyang'anira chomera, ndi zina zambiri zowonjezera luso langa.