Ligninndi chachiwiri chochulukirachulukira m'chilengedwe. Zimakhala zochulukira m'madzi otayira, ochepa kwambiri omwe amasinthidwanso ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito, ndipo ena onse amatayidwa m'chilengedwe, ndikuwononga kwambiri chilengedwe. M’chitaganya chamakono, kupereŵera kwa zinthu ndi kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe zakhala mavuto aŵiri aakulu amene anthu ayenera kuwathetsa mwamsanga. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera, lignin yapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chofunikira pamakampani opanga mankhwala. Kuphatikizana koyenera kwa ubwino wa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zachuma kwachitika, ndipo kupambana-kupambana kwapezeka.

Kapangidwe kaligninndizovuta, ndipo kusintha kwa mapangidwe ake kumadalira mtundu wa zomera ndi njira yolekanitsa. Chifukwa chake, aligninKapangidwe ka magwero a mitengo yolimba ndi yosiyana ndi ya zomera za herbaceous ndi mbewu zapachaka. Komabe, njira zolekanitsa zosiyana zidzabweretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lignin. Sulfite pulping imatha kusungunukamankhwala lignosulfonates, ndi kraft pulping pansi pa zinthu zamchere zimatha kupanga lignin yomwe imasungunuka m'madzi koma imasungunuka mu alkali. Sulfate lignin ndi alkali lignin, ma lignin awa ndiye gwero lalikulu lazinthu zopangira mafakitale. Pakati pa ma lignin onse, sulphate lignin amaonedwa kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri popanga zomatira zamatabwa.

Mapangidwe a lignin ali ndi magulu ambiri ogwira ntchito, ndipo lignin palokha ndi zinthu zake zosinthidwa zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mu simenti ndi zomangamanga zomangamanga, lignosulfonate akhoza bwino kusintha fluidity wa simenti ndi ambiri ntchito konkire madzi reducer. Pakali pano, pafupifupi 50% ya izo amapangidwa ndi kulekana ndondomeko pulping ndi papermaking.Lignosulfonatesamagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera za simenti.

Pankhani ya feteleza wachilengedwe, mawonekedwe a lignin amakhala ndi zinthu zofunika kuti mbewu zikule. Zakudyazi zimatha kumasulidwa pang'onopang'ono pamene lignin imadzichepetsera, kotero ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati feteleza woyendetsedwa bwino. Lignin imathanso kuphatikizidwa ndi mamolekyu ophera tizilombo kudzera muzochita zosavuta, ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chonyamulira mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amatulutsa pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa mphamvu yakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuti athe kukwaniritsa zotsatira za kuwongolera tizilombo pansi. kuchepa kwa mlingo. Chepetsani kuwononga chilengedwe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zogulira mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Mu madzi mankhwala, zosiyanasiyana mafakitaleligninndi mankhwala awo osinthidwa ali ndi katundu wabwino adsorption, osati adsorb zitsulo ayoni, komanso angagwiritsidwe ntchito adsorb anions, organic ndi zinthu zina m'madzi, potero kuyeretsa madzi.