Tsiku Lotumiza:3, Sep, 2024

7. Chikoka cha kusakaniza nthawi ndi liwiro losakaniza

The kusanganikirana nthawi ndi mwachindunji zimakhudza zili konkire ndi kubalalitsidwa zotsatira za konkire admixtures pa konkire, ndipo m'njira zina amakhudza workability, mawotchi katundu ndi durability konkire. Ngati chosakaniziracho chithamanga kwambiri, n'zosavuta kuwononga mapangidwe a colloidal mu simenti ndi nembanemba yamagetsi iwiri pamwamba pa particles ya simenti, yomwe pamapeto pake idzakhudza nthawi yokhazikika ndi kugwa kwa konkire kwambiri. Kuthamanga kwa kusakaniza kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mkati mwa mphindi 1.5-3. Ngati njira yosakaniza yowuma ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, konkire ikhoza kusakanikirana mofanana pogwiritsa ntchito chochepetsera madzi moyenera. Ngati yankho liyenera kuwonjezeredwa, madzi ayenera kuchotsedwa ku kusakaniza panthawi yokonzekera madzi ochepetsera kuti atsimikizire kuti kulinganiza kwa chiŵerengero cha madzi-simenti. Pofuna kutsimikizira kugwa kwa konkire ndikupereka masewera athunthu ku ntchito yochepetsera madzi, njira yosakaniza pambuyo pake ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji. Mosiyana ndi njira yowonjezera yowonjezera madzi yochepetsera madzi, kumasuka kwa kusakaniza konkire kungathe kutsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosakanikirana pambuyo pake. Ngati galimoto yosakaniza ikufunika kunyamula konkire, chochepetsera madzi chikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku galimoto yosakaniza maminiti a 2 musanatsitse kuti muwonjezere liwiro losakaniza la galimoto yosakaniza ndikuwongolera kutulutsa.

8. Zotsatira za kutentha kozungulira ndi chinyezi

Kukhazikitsa nthawi, kuuma liwiro ndi mphamvu yoyambirira ya zosakaniza za konkire zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kutentha kwa machiritso. Pambuyo powonjezera chochepetsera madzi, chodabwitsa ichi chikuwonekera kwambiri, ndipo zotsatira zake zidzakhala zofunikira kwambiri pamene nthawi yoyika ili pansi pa madigiri 20 Celsius. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kukakhala kokwera, simenti imathamanga kwambiri, ndipo m'pamenenso konkire imasungunuka kwambiri. Madzi aulere mkati mwa konkire adzawonjezeredwa mosalekeza pamwamba pa konkire kudzera mu capillary, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya hydration ya simenti. Madzi aulere mu konkire amasanduka nthunzi ndi kuchepetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti konkire iwonongeke. Kuphatikiza apo, kubweza kwa zosakaniza zina za konkire kudzachepetsedwa kwambiri kuposa madigiri 30 Celsius. Choncho, ngati kuli kofunika kugwira ntchito kumalo otentha kwambiri, m'pofunika kuti muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa zosakaniza za konkire kuti zipewe kuchitika kwa madzi. Wood calcium imakhala ndi zinthu zina zokhazikika pang'onopang'ono. Ikhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu yokhazikika pambuyo pothira kwa nthawi yayitali. Panthawi yokonza, ndikofunikira kukulitsa nthawi yoyimitsa mokwanira komanso kupanga mlingo mwasayansi. Kupanda kutero, konkire imakhala ndi ming'alu yayikulu, kumasuka komanso kuphulika pakagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pogwiritsa ntchito makina ochepetsera madzi othamanga kwambiri, chifukwa cha mpweya wochepa kwambiri, kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono sikungatsimikizidwe, ndipo nthawi yayitali kwambiri yoyimitsa sikufunika panthawi yochiritsa nthunzi. Choncho, powonjezera zosakaniza, ntchito yoyenera yokonza iyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti madzi asawonongeke kwambiri panthawi yokonza.

9. Nthawi yosungira simenti

Munthawi yanthawi zonse, kufupikitsa nthawi yosungira simenti, kumawoneka mwatsopano, ndipo kuwonjezereka kwa simenti kudzakhala koyipa kwambiri. Simenti ikakhala yatsopano, imapangitsa kuti mtengo wake ukhale wolimba kwambiri, komanso ma ionic surfactants omwe amatsatsa. Kwa simenti yomwe yangokonzedwa kumene, kuchepa kwake kwa madzi kumakhala kochepa ndipo kutayika kwa matope kumakhala mofulumira. Kwa simenti yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali yosungirako, mavutowa amatha kupewedwa bwino.

10. Zomwe zili mu alkali mu simenti

Zomwe zili ndi alkali zimakhudzanso kusinthika kwa simenti ndi zochepetsera madzi. Pamene kuchuluka kwa alkali mu simenti kumachulukirachulukira, mphamvu ya simenti ya pulasitiki imawonongeka. Zomwe zili zamchere zikadutsa mulingo wina, zithanso kukhudza kwambiri nthawi yoyika komanso kutsika kwa simenti. Kuonjezera apo, mawonekedwe a alkali mu simenti amakhalanso ndi zotsatira zachindunji pa ntchito yochepetsera madzi. Nthawi zonse, ngati alkali alipo mu mawonekedwe a sulphate, zotsatira zake pa zochepetsera madzi zimakhala zochepa kuposa zomwe zili mu mawonekedwe a hydroxide.

11. Gypsum mu simenti

Powonjezera simenti ya gypsum ku simenti, hydration ya simenti imatha kuchedwa kwambiri, ndipo kuwongolera mwachindunji kwa simenti ndi chochepetsera madzi kumatha kupewedwa, potero kuwongolera kusintha kwa simenti ndi chochepetsera madzi. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wambiri, mutatha kuwonjezera gypsum ku simenti, kutsekemera kwa madzi ochepetsera pa mchere wa simenti C3A kumatha kuchepetsedwa bwino. Izi makamaka chifukwa gypsum ndi C3A akhoza kuchitapo kanthu kupanga kashiamu sulfonate, amene mwachindunji kuphimba pamwamba pa C3A, kupewa hydration zina C3A, amene kwambiri kufooketsa adsorption wa C3A particles pa madzi reducer. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gypsum ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusungunuka ndi kusungunuka. Mtundu ndi zomwe zili mu simenti ya gypsum zimakhudza kwambiri kusinthika pakati pa simenti ndi chochepetsera madzi. The pore madzimadzi sulphate mu simenti konkire makamaka amachokera sulphate opangidwa ndi silicate simenti, amene adzakhala kwambiri mwachindunji zimakhudza simenti hydration anachita ndi workability wa silicate simenti konkire. Ma ions a sulphate mu gypsum nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa mosiyanasiyana panthawi yopera. Ngati kutentha kwa kugaya kuli kwakukulu, dihydrate gypsum idzakhala yopanda madzi pang'ono ndikupanga hemihydrate gypsum. Ngati kutentha mkati mwa mphero ndikwambiri, kuchuluka kwa hemihydrate gypsum kumapangidwa motere, zomwe pamapeto pake zidzatsogolera kukhazikitsidwa kwa simenti yachinyengo. Kwa simenti yokhala ndi zigawo zochepa za alkaline sulphate, pansi pa ma adsorption amphamvu a sulfonic acid-based water reducers, imapangitsa kuti kugwa kwa konkire kugwe mwachangu kwambiri. Soluble sulphate ikamachuluka, kutengera kwa zochepetsera zamadzi zogwira mtima kwambiri kumawonetsa kutsika kocheperako.

12. Zothandizira popera simenti

Mphamvu yopera simenti imatha kupitilizidwa kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira simenti moyenera. Popanga simenti m’makampani ambiri a simenti akunja, zothandizira kugaya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyezo yatsopano ya simenti m'dziko langa, zofunikira za mphamvu ndi fineness ya simenti zakhala zikuyenda bwino, zomwe zapereka zofunikira zapamwamba zogwiritsira ntchito zothandizira pogaya. Pakalipano, pali mitundu yambiri ya zida zopangira simenti, ndipo chiwerengero cha opanga chithandizo chopera m'dziko langa chikuwonetsanso chiwongolero chowonjezereka. Opanga zothandizira pogaya simenti zosiyanasiyana apitilizabe kuyika ndalama zake pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zida zopangira ndalama, zogwira mtima komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, ena opanga othandizira ogaya amalabadira kwambiri ndalama zopangira ndipo amawononga ndalama zochepa pofufuza momwe ntchito yogaya imagwirira ntchito, zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake: ① Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zili ndi mchere wa halogen kumatha kuyambitsa dzimbiri. zitsulo zazitsulo mkati mwa konkriti. ② Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri lignin sulfonate kumabweretsa vuto lalikulu la kusagwirizana pakati pa simenti ndi zosakaniza za konkire. ③ Pofuna kuchepetsa bwino ndalama zopangira, kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zamafakitale kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kulimba kwa konkriti. Pakupanga konkriti komweko, zomwe zili ndi alkali ndi chloride ion, mtundu wa gypsum, ndi mchere wa clinker zimakhudza kwambiri kugawa kwa tinthu tating'ono ta simenti. Pogwiritsira ntchito zothandizira kugaya, kulimba kwa simenti sikungaperekedwe nsembe. Kapangidwe ka zothandizira pogaya ndizovuta kwambiri. Pokhapokha pogwiritsira ntchito zothandizira pogaya moyenera momwe konkriti ingatsimikizidwe. Panthawi yopanga, opanga zothandizira pogaya ayenera kumvetsetsa bwino momwe kampaniyo imagwirira ntchito, ndikudziŵa bwino mitundu ya zida zopera ndi kuyika tinthu ta simenti.

13. Zomangamanga zosakaniza

Chiŵerengero chosakanikirana cha zomangamanga ndi cha vuto la mapangidwe a uinjiniya, koma chimakhudza kwambiri kugwirizana kwa konkriti ndi simenti. Malingana ndi deta yoyenera, ngati chiŵerengero cha mchenga ndi chokwera kwambiri, n'zosavuta kuchititsa kuti madzi osakaniza a konkire achepetse, ndipo kutayika kwachitsulo kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Komanso, mawonekedwe, mayamwidwe madzi ndi grading miyala mu konkire kusakaniza chiŵerengero adzakhudzanso yomanga, kusunga madzi, kugwirizana, fluidity ndi formability wa konkire kumlingo wakutiwakuti. Kuyesera koyenera kumasonyeza kuti mwa kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha simenti ya madzi, mphamvu ya konkire ikhoza kukonzedwa bwino. Pansi pakugwiritsa ntchito madzi abwino, zinthu zosiyanasiyana za konkire za simenti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, kuti pulasitiki yake ikhale yabwinoko, kuchuluka kwa ma admixtures kumatha kutsimikizika, komanso kugwirizana kwa ma admixtures ndi simenti kumatha kusintha.