For ionic dispersant, the dispersant dissolved in water can ionize positive ions and negative ions, these ions adsorbed on the surface of the colloid particles with different charges, and then formed a double electric layer on the surface of the ion, leading to potential improvement. For the non-ionic dispersant, the dispersant is dissolved in water and adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particle, which surrounds the particle and forms steric hindrance, hindering the contact between the reaction reagent and the reaction center.

Sodium hetaphosphate belongs to polyphosphate. Its molecular structure is circular, but it has a linear long chain configuration. It is adsorped to the surface of the particle through the end group, while the middle chain is basically not involved in bonding, which can provide additional electrostatic repulsion. The ionized anion of sodium hetaphosphate dissolved in water adsorbed on the particle surface, which increased the electronegativity of the particle surface. In addition, the ionized Na+ ions can increase the thickness of the double electric layer, and sodium hexametaphosphate plays a dispersive effect under these two effects.

Both of these effects will increase the repulsive force between particles, resulting in the release of the free water wrapped in the aggregate structure, so the sodium hexametaphosphate dispersant can play the role of dispersing particles and lubricating particles. Its main purpose is to reduce the interfacial tension between liquid - liquid and solid - liquid. So sodium hexametaphosphate dispersant is also a surfactant.