Ụbọchị nbipute: 27, Dec, 2021

Aha "m" bụlignin, nke dị n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ nke osisi osisi, herbs, na osisi vaskụla niile na osisi ndị ọzọ na-egbuke egbuke, ma na-ekere òkè n'iwusi anụ ahụ osisi ike.

"Ọkpụkpụ osisi" nke "m"

Na okike, "M" na-ebikọ ọnụ mgbe niile na cellulose na hemicellulose, na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji wuo ọkpụkpụ osisi. Ndị mmadụ na-eke m ụzọ atọ:hardwood lignin, conifer ligninnaherbal lignin. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, "M" na-ekesa mgbe niile na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ. Ntụle nke "M" na oyi akwa intercellular bụ nke kachasị elu, ntinye nke oyi akwa dị n'ime nke mgbidi nke abụọ bụ nke abụọ, na ntinye n'ime cell bụ nke kacha nta. Dị ka ihe nke atọ kasị ukwuu n'okike n'okike, ọ bụ ezie na ndị mmadụ ji "M" mee ihe ọtụtụ puku afọ gara aga, a naghị erigbu ya n'ọtụtụ ebe.

"M" na mmepụta mmepụta ihe

Na China, "M" nwere ike ị nweta azụ azụ n'ichepụta akwụkwọ. Ebumnuche nke pulping na ime akwụkwọ bụ iji jide cellulose na hemicellulose ma wepụ "M". Akụrụngwa ndị a na-agụnye ahịhịa ọka wit, ahịhịa osikapa, ahịhịa amị, okpete shuga, wdg. Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke "I" nke ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ọdịnala nke China na-emepụta dị na mpempe akwụkwọ na-emepụta mmiri mmiri na-ekpofu, na nkwụsịtụ kpọmkwem ga-akpata nsogbu mmetọ dị njọ, na nnukwu ego. nke mmiri mkpofu abụrụla nnukwu nsogbu na ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ.

Enwere isi akụkụ abụọ nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị metụtara mba ọzọ. N'otu aka ahụ, "M" dị n'ime osisi na-ekewapụ na hydrolysis nke osisi; N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-eme ya maka nsogbu mmiri mkpofu nke ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ. Mba ọzọ ewepụtala usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri mmiri na-ekpofu osisi na-eme akwụkwọ. Nke mbụ, a na-emegharị "M" na mmiri mmiri mkpofu site na alkali, mgbe ahụ, a na-eji ihe m nwetara maka ọkụ ọkụ na ike ọkụ. A na-enweta nke a ruo n'ókè kasị ukwuu na ndabere nke idozi nsogbu mmetọ. Ọ na-azọpụta ike.

Nkewa na mmịpụta nke "M"

Iji meziwanye ojiji nke "M", ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nọ n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ na-amụsi ike na-amụ nkewa na mmịpụta nke "M". Na mmepụta mmepụta ihe, a na-ekewakarị anyị ma wepụ ya mgbe a na-eji cellulose eme ihe. Site n'echiche nke nchọpụta sayensị, ndị mmadụ na-ekewa ma wepụ "M" iji nweta ihe nlele na ịdị ọcha dị elu, ma ọ bụ ihe atụ nwere nhazi na akụrụngwa.

N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, e nwere ụdị isi abụọ nke nkewa nke "M": otu bụ igbari ihe ndị ọzọ na-abụghị m n'ime ahụ osisi, wee nyochaa iji kewaa "M" na-adịghị ike. Ihe atụ a na-ahụkarị bụ na ụlọ ọrụ hydrolysis osisi. A na-eme ka ihe mejupụtara ahụ banye glucose n'okpuru ọrụ acid, ma kewapụrụ "M" dị ka ihe fọdụrụ nke hydrolysis; nke ọzọ bụ ịgbari "M" n'ime ahụ osisi, kewapụ ihe ndị ọzọ wee mee ka ọ nweta "M".

Ụdị nkewa nke ikpeazụ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na usoro pulping nke ime akwụkwọ. E kewara ya ụzọ abụọ nke ụzọ nkewa. "M" izizi na-agbanye n'ime mmiri-solublelignosulfonate, wee mesoo ya na mmiri ara ehi lime, "M" nwere ike ịmalite; A na-esi ya nke ikpeazụ na nnukwu caustic soda na oke okpomọkụ, ma ọ bụ ahịhịa osikapa ma ọ bụ ọka wit gbuturu. Gbanwee “M” ka ọ bụrụ “I” alkaline, kpochaa cellulose, wee mee acid-gwọọ ihe ngwọta nke fọdụrụ ka iwelie “M”.

"Ụdị mmadụ atọ" nke "M" na ọtụtụ ọpụrụiche

"M" bụ polyphenol netwọk polymer nwere akụkụ atọ nwere phenylpropane dị ka ngalaba nhazi. O nwere àgwà atọ (ya bụ, ihe owuwu atọ bụ isi): Ọdịdị guaiacyl, nhazi syringyl na usoro p-hydroxyphenyl. I Ngwakọta nke ihe ndị ahụ dịgasị iche iche na ụdị osisi na ụzọ nkewa.

Enwere ọtụtụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na nhazi nke "M" (òtù aromatic, phenolic hydroxyl group, mmanya hydroxyl otu, carbonyl otu, methoxy otu, carboxyl otu, aldehyde otu, conjugated abụọ agbụ na ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche), nke na-enyere "I". ” na-enweta ụdị mmeghachi omume kemịkal dị iche iche, dị ka: oxidation, mbelata, hydrolysis, alcoholysis, acidolysis, photolysis, acylation, alkylation, nitration, etherification, sulfonation, polycondensation ma ọ bụ graft copolymerization.

The resin synthesized na "M" dị ka akụrụngwa dị ala na-eri karịa phenolic resin na mmepụta nke n'ozuzu kpụrụ akụkụ, na nwere ụfọdụ ulo oru uru. N'imeligninlatex co-sedimented site na "M" na eke roba latex, "M" na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-agba ume, si otú ahụ dochie anya carbon ojii dị oke ọnụ ma na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa ngwaahịa rọba. A pụkwara iji "M" mee ihe dị ka ihe eji eme ihe maka mmepụta nke kemịkalụ mmanụ mmanụ iji melite ọnụego mgbake mmanụ na mma mmanụ nke ngwuputa mmanụ.

Na mgbakwunye, "M" nwekwara ike iji dị ka surfactants, fatịlaịza mgbakwunye, pesticide ngwa ngwa-ahapụ ndị ọrụ, osisi na-achịkwa osisi, wdg Site na omimi nke nyocha sayensị, m ga-enwekwu ohere iji gosipụta nkà m.