Hnub Kawg: 27 Lub Kaum Ob Hlis, 2021

Lub npe "Kuv" yoglignin, uas yog dav nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm woody nroj tsuag, tshuaj ntsuab, thiab tag nrho cov vascular nroj tsuag thiab lwm yam lignified nroj tsuag, thiab plays lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntxiv dag zog rau cov ntaub so ntswg.

Lub "cov pob txha cog" ntawm "kuv"

Hauv qhov xwm txheej, "Kuv" ib txwm nyob nrog cellulose thiab hemicellulose, ua haujlwm ua ke los tsim cov pob txha cog. Cov neeg faib kuv ua peb hom:ntoo lignin, conifer ligninthiabtshuaj ntsuab lignin. Feem ntau hais lus, "Kuv" raug faib tsis tu ncua hauv cov nroj tsuag. Qhov concentration ntawm "I" nyob rau hauv lub intercellular txheej yog siab tshaj, lub concentration ntawm lub puab txheej ntawm lub thib ob phab ntsa yog qhov thib ob, thiab cov concentration nyob rau hauv lub cell yog tsawg tshaj plaws. Raws li qhov loj tshaj plaws thib peb cov peev txheej hauv cov xwm txheej, txawm hais tias "Kuv" tau siv los ntawm tib neeg ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los, nws tsis tau siv dav dav txog tam sim no.

"Kuv" hauv kev tsim khoom

Hauv Suav teb, "Kuv" tuaj yeem taug qab rov qab mus rau qhov kev tsim ntawm papermaking. Lub hom phiaj ntawm pulping thiab papermaking yog khaws cellulose thiab hemicellulose thiab tshem tawm "Kuv". Cov ntaub ntawv raw muaj xws li cov nplej straw, nplej straw, reed, qab zib pas nrig, thiab lwm yam. Muaj ntau ntawm "Kuv" uas tsim los ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam ntawv ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg cov kua, thiab tso tawm ncaj qha yuav ua rau muaj kuab paug loj, thiab cov nyiaj ntau. ntawm cov dej khib nyiab tau dhau los ua teeb meem loj hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab hauv tsev.

Muaj ob yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam txawv teb chaws. Ntawm ib sab, "Kuv" nyob rau hauv ntoo yog cais los ntawm hydrolysis ntawm ntoo; ntawm qhov tod tes, nws yog tsom rau cov teeb meem dej khib nyiab ntawm kev lag luam ntawv. Cov teb chaws txawv teb chaws tau tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntawv ntoo ua cov kua dej pov tseg. Ua ntej, "Kuv" hauv cov kua khib nyiab yog rov ua dua los ntawm alkali, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv rov qab tau siv rau kev sib txuas thiab kev siv hluav taws xob. Qhov no tau ua tiav rau qhov loj tshaj plaws los ntawm kev daws cov teeb meem muaj kuab paug. Nws txuag zog.

Kev cais thiab rho tawm ntawm "Kuv"

Txhawm rau txhim kho kev siv "Kuv", cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau nquag kawm txog kev sib cais thiab rho tawm ntawm "Kuv". Hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam, peb feem ntau sib cais thiab muab rho tawm thaum siv cellulose. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, tib neeg sib cais thiab rho tawm "Kuv" txhawm rau kom tau txais cov qauv nrog cov purity siab dua, lossis cov qauv nrog cov qauv tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom.

Feem ntau hais lus, muaj ob qhov loj ntawm kev sib cais ntawm "Kuv": ib qho yog kom yaj cov khoom uas tsis yog kuv hauv cov nroj tsuag lub cev, thiab tom qab ntawd lim kom cais cov insoluble "Kuv". Ib qho piv txwv yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam ntoo hydrolysis. Lub ntsiab yog hydrolyzed rau qabzib nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov kua qaub, thiab "I" yog cais raws li cov seem ntawm hydrolysis; Lwm qhov yog kom yaj lub "Kuv" hauv cov nroj tsuag lub cev, cais lwm cov khoom thiab tom qab ntawd los nag kom tau txais "Kuv".

Hom kev sib cais tom kawg yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem pulping ntawm papermaking. Nws tau muab faib ua ob hom kev sib cais. Thawj "Kuv" yog sulfonated rau hauv dej-solublelignosulfonate, thiab tom qab ntawd kho nrog txiv qaub kua txiv, "Kuv" tuaj yeem ua rau nag; tom kawg yog siav nrog tuab caustic soda ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, los yog tws nplej straw los yog nplej straw. Hloov cov "Kuv" rau hauv alkaline "Kuv", lim tawm cov cellulose, thiab tom qab ntawd acid-kho cov tshuaj ntxiv kom ua rau cov "Kuv".

Lub "triple cwm pwm" ntawm "Kuv" thiab ntau yam tshwj xeeb

"Kuv" yog polyphenol peb-dimensional network polymer compound nrog phenylpropane ua cov qauv tsev. Nws muaj peb tus cwj pwm (uas yog, peb lub hauv paus qauv): guaiacyl qauv, syringyl qauv thiab p-hydroxyphenyl qauv. I Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom sib txawv nrog cov hom nroj tsuag thiab kev sib cais.

Muaj ntau pab pawg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm "I" (aromatic pawg, phenolic hydroxyl pawg, cawv hydroxyl pawg, carbonyl pawg, methoxy pawg, carboxyl pawg, aldehyde pawg, conjugated ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab lwm pab pawg neeg nquag), uas ua rau "Kuv "kom tau txais ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv, xws li: oxidation, txo, hydrolysis, alcoholysis, acidolysis, photolysis, acylation, alkylation, nitration, etherification, sulfonation, polycondensation los yog graft copolymerization.

Cov resin synthesized nrog "I" raws li cov khoom siv raw yog qis dua tus nqi phenolic resin hauv kev tsim cov pwm pwm, thiab muaj qee yam khoom muaj nqis. Hauvligninlatex co-sedimented los ntawm "I" thiab ntuj roj hmab latex, "Kuv" ua raws li tus neeg sawv cev txhawb zog, yog li hloov cov pa roj carbon dub kim dua thiab txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab. "Kuv" kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov tshuaj oilfield los txhim kho cov roj rov qab thiab cov roj zoo ntawm oilfield mining.

Tsis tas li ntawd, "Kuv" kuj tseem siv tau los ua surfactants, chiv additives, tshuaj tua kab qeeb-tso cov neeg ua haujlwm, cog kev loj hlob regulators, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau kev sib sib zog nqus ntawm kev tshawb fawb, kuv yuav muaj ntau thiab ntau lub sijhawm los qhia kuv cov kev txawj ntse.