Ka lā i kau ai:9,Ian,2023

He aha nā mea hoʻemi wai?

ʻO nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa wai (e like me Lignosulfonates) he ʻano hoʻohui i hoʻohui ʻia i ke kaʻina i ka wā o ka hui ʻana. Hiki i nā mea hoʻemi wai ke hoʻemi i ka nui o ka wai ma 12-30% me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hana o ka ʻuala a i ʻole ka ikaika mechanical o ka ʻuala (kahi a mākou e hōʻike pinepine ai ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika compressive). Aia nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe no nā mea hoʻemi wai, ʻo ia ka Superplasticizers, plasticizers a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻemi wai kiʻekiʻe (HRWR).

Nā ʻano mea hoʻohui wai hoʻemi

Nui nā ʻano mea hoʻohui wai hoʻemi. Hāʻawi nā ʻoihana hana i nā inoa like ʻole a me nā hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kēia mau admixtures e like me ka wai-proofers, densifiers, workability aids, etc.

ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea hoʻemi wai i ʻekolu mau ʻano e like me kā lākou ʻano kemika (e like me ka Papa 1):

nā lignosulfonates, ka waikawa hydroxycarboxylic, a me nā polymers hydroxylated.

No hea mai o Lignin?

ʻO Lignin kahi mea paʻakikī e hōʻike ana ma kahi o 20% o ka haku lāʻau. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana no ka hana ʻana i ka pulp hana pepa mai ka lāʻau, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi wai ʻona ma ke ʻano he huahana i loaʻa i kahi hui paʻakikī o nā mea, me nā huahana decomposition o lignin a me cellulose, nā huahana sulfonation o ka lignin, nā ʻano carbohydrates (sugar) a me ʻakika sulfurous manuahi a i ʻole sulfates.

Ma hope o ka neutralization, ka ua a me ka fermentation kaʻina hana i kahi ʻano o nā lignosulfonates o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻokoʻa a me ka haku mele ma muli o nā kumu he nui, e like me ka neutralizing alkali, ke kaʻina pulping i hoʻohana ʻia, ke ʻano o ka fermentation a me ke ʻano a me ka makahiki o ka lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia. mea ʻai pulp.

Lignosulfonates ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻemi wai i loko o ka paʻakai

ʻO ka lignosulfonate superplasticizer maʻamau he 0.25 pakeneka, hiki ke hoʻemi i ka wai a hiki i ka 9 a hiki i ka 12 pākēneka o ka maʻi sima (0.20-0.30%). E like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano kūpono, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka ikaika koneki e 15-20% ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka koneki kuhikuhi. Ua ulu ka ikaika ma 20 a 30 pakeneka ma hope o 3 mau lā, ma 15-20 pakeneka ma hope o 7 mau lā, a ma ka nui like ma hope o 28 mau lā.

Me ka hoʻololi ʻole ʻana i ka wai, hiki ke kahe wale ʻia ke kaʻa, e maʻalahi ke hana me (ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana).

Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i hoʻokahi tona o ka pauka lignosulfonate superplasticizer ma kahi o ka sima, hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i 30-40 tonnes o ka sima me ka mālama ʻana i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka ʻuala, ka ikaika, a me ka ʻenekona kuhikuhi.

Ma ke kūlana maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka wela wela o ka hydration i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelima mau hola, ʻo ka manawa hoʻonohonoho hope o ke kaʻa i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu hola, a ʻoi aku ka manawa o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke kaʻa ma mua o ʻekolu mau hola e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka reference concrete. He mea maikaʻi kēia no ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kauwela, ka lawe ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku, a me ka nui.

Hiki i ka Lignosulfonate superplasticizer me ka micro-entraining ke hoʻonui i ka hana o ke koneki ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻoheheʻe-thaw impermeability.